Spatial Representativeness of MexFlux as a Regional FLUXNET Network
Por:
Vargas R., Le H., Villarreal S., Alvarado-Barrientos M.S., Cueva A., Delgado-Balbuena J., Flores-Renteria D., Hinojo-Hinojo C., Cervantes-Jiménez M., Pérez-Ruiz E.R., Sánchez-Mejía Z., Tarin T., Bullock S.H., Castellanos A.E., Figueroa-Espinoza B., Garatuza-Payán J., Holwerda F., Rodríguez J.C., Rojas-Robles N.E., Uuh-Sonda J.M., Velasco E., Yépez E.A.
Publicada:
1 ene 2025
Resumen:
© 2025 The Author(s).Environmental observatory networks are fundamental in advancing scientific understanding of biogeochemical processes. FLUXNET is a global network of regional eddy covariance networks that measure ecosystem-scale exchanges of greenhouse gases (e.g., CO2, CH4, H2O) and energy between the biosphere and the atmosphere. MexFlux is the eddy covariance network of Mexico, a megadiverse country with many underrepresented ecosystems within FLUXNET. This study evaluates the spatial representativeness of MexFlux by assessing its ability to capture the statistical and spatial heterogeneity of annual gross primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) within Mexico. We tested four network configurations: the historical distribution of MexFlux sites (MexFlux-H, n = 33), an expanded network with 20 additional sites (MexFlux + 20, 53 sites), MexFlux sites with publicly available data (MexFlux-P, n = 20), and a hypothetical optimized design with only 25 sites (MexFlux25, n = 25). Results show that MexFlux-H and MexFlux-P overrepresent regions with GPP values between 250 and 600 gC m-2 yr-1 and ET of 200–1,200 mm yr-1. MexFlux + 20 demonstrates that adding 20 strategically located sites improves the representativeness of MexFlux while preserving the historical distribution of the network. The configuration of MexFlux25 highlights that a few but strategically distributed sites are an alternative way to enhance the representativeness of the network. Mountain regions, tropical forests, and urban sites may remain underrepresented in any network configuration, highlighting the challenges of monitoring efforts in this country. Our framework integrates distributions, copulas, semivariograms, and upscaling to highlight the value of a multidimensional assessment of spatial representativeness, which applies to other regional FLUXNET networks.
Filiaciones:
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados S.C., Durango, Mexico
Red de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, A.C. (INECOL), Xalapa, México
Departamento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria Agricultura Familiar, INIFAP, Ojuelos de Jalisco, México
Group of Sustainability of Natural Resources and Energy, SECIHTI-Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the IPN Saltillo Unit, Ramos Arizpe, México
Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (DICTUS), Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico
Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Mexico
Departamento de Ciencias del Agua y Medio Ambiente, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Cd. Obregón, México
Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, México
Instituto de Ingeniería, Unidad Académica Sisal, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Yucatán, México
Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
Departamento de Agricultura y Ganadería, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, México
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
Molina Center for Energy and the Environment, Boston, MA, USA
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