A Systematic Review of Genetic Variants in Glutathione S-Transferase Genes and Their Dual Role in SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis: From Acute Respiratory Complications to Long COVID
Por:
Sánchez, VV, Pacheco, JLC, Arreola, MIP, Sierra-Vargas, MP, Godinez, LAC, Topete, VHA, Plata, RF, Higuera-Iglesias, A, Lara-Lemus, R, Aquino-Gálvez, A, Torres-Espíndola, LM, Castillejos-López, M
Publicada:
25 jul 2025
Resumen:
Oxidative stress (OS) occurs when there is an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, leading to disruptions in cellular signaling and causing damage to molecules. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes are crucial for maintaining redox balance by facilitating glutathione conjugation. Increased oxidative damage has been noted during the COVID-19 pandemic, and its persistence may be linked to the onset of long COVID. This systematic review aimed to assess the relationship between GST gene polymorphisms and the prognosis of COVID-19, including long COVID. Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, a thorough search was carried out in MEDLINE, CENTRAL, PubMed, and EMBASE for studies published from September 2020 to February 2025. Out of an initial selection of 462 articles, ten studies (four concerning COVID-19 severity and six related to long COVID) satisfied the inclusion criteria. The findings regarding GST polymorphisms were not consistent, especially concerning the GSTM1 and GSTT1 isoforms. Nevertheless, evidence indicates a sustained state of oxidative stress in patients with long COVID. The majority of research has focused on cytosolic GSTs, while the functions of microsomal and mitochondrial GST families remain largely unexplored. These findings suggest that further research into the various GST subfamilies and their genetic variants is necessary to enhance our understanding of their impact on COVID-19 severity and the pathophysiology of long COVID.
Filiaciones:
Inst Politecn Nacl, Escuela Super Med, Programa Maestria Ciencias Salud, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
Inst Nacl Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio, Lab Invest Epidemiol & Infectol, Calzada Tlalpan 4502, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
Inst Nacl Pediat, Lab Farmacol, Av Insurgentes Sur 3700 Letra C, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
Inst Nacl Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio, Dept Invest Toxicol & Med Ambiental, Secretaria Salud, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
Inst Nacl Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio, Dept Epidemiol Hosp & Infectol, Calzada Tlalpan 4502, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
Inst Nacl Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio, Dept Biomed Mol & Invest Traslac, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
Inst Nacl Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio, Lab Biol Mol, Dept Fibrosis Pulm, Calzada Tlalpan 4502, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med, Dept Bioquim, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
gold, All Open Access; Gold Open Access
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