The global spectrum of tree crown architecture
Por:
Jucker T., Fischer F.J., Chave J., Coomes D.A., Caspersen J., Ali A., Loubota Panzou G.J., Feldpausch T.R., Falster D., Usoltsev V.A., Jackson T.D., Adu-Bredu S., Alves L.F., Aminpour M., Angoboy Ilondea B., Anten N.P.R., Antin C., Askari Y., Ayyappan N., Banin L.F., Barbier N., Battles J.J., Beeckman H., Bocko Y.E., Bond-Lamberty B., Bongers F., Bowers S., van Breugel M., Chantrain A., Chaudhary R., Dai J., Dalponte M., Dimobe K., Domec J.-C., Doucet J.-L., Dupuy Rada J.M., Duursma R.A., Enríquez M., van Ewijk K.Y., Farfán-Rios W., Fayolle A., Ferretti M., Forni E., Forrester D.I., Gilani H., Godlee J.L., Haeni M., Hall J.S., He J.-K., Hemp A., Hernández-Stefanoni J.L., Higgins S.I., Holdaway R.J., Hussain K., Hutley L.B., Ichie T., Iida Y., Jiang H.-S., Joshi P.R., Kaboli H., Kazempour Larsary M., Kenzo T., Kloeppel B.D., Kohyama T.S., Kunwar S., Kuyah S., Kvasnica J., Lin S., Lines E.R., Liu H., Lorimer C., Loumeto J.-J., Malhi Y., Marshall P.L., Mattsson E., Matula R., Meave J.A., Mensah S., Mi X., Momo S.T., Moncrieff G.R., Mora F., Muñoz R., Nissanka S.P., Nur Hajar Z.S., O’Hara K.L., Pearce S., Pelissier R., Peri P.L., Ploton P., Poorter L., Pour M.J., Pourbabaei H., Ribeiro S.C., Ryan C., Sanaei A., Sanger J., Schlund M., Sellan G., Shenkin A., Sonké B., Sterck F.J., Svátek M., Takagi K., Trugman A.T., Vadeboncoeur M.A., Valipour A., Vanderwel M.C., Vovides A.G., Waldner P., Wang W., Wang L.-Q., Wirth C., Woods M., Xiang W., de Aquino Ximenes F., Xu Y., Yamada T., Zavala M.A., Zimmermann N.E.
Publicada:
1 ene 2025
Resumen:
Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We find that variation in height–diameter scaling relationships is primarily controlled by water availability and light competition. Conversely, crown width is predominantly shaped by exposure to wind and fire, while also covarying with functional traits related to mechanical stability and photosynthesis. Additionally, we identify several plant lineages with highly distinctive stem and crown forms, such as the exceedingly slender dipterocarps of Southeast Asia, or the extremely wide crowns of legume trees in African savannas. Our study charts the global spectrum of tree crown architecture and pinpoints the processes that shape the 3D structure of woody ecosystems. © The Author(s) 2025.
Filiaciones:
School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
UMR5300 Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l’Environnement, CNRS, INPT, IRD, Université de Toulouse, Bât 4R1, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse, 31062, France
Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
Institute of Forestry and Conservation, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto, M5S 3B3, ON, Canada
Forest Ecology Research Group, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Hebei, Baoding, 071002, China
Institut Supérieur des Sciences Géographiques, Environnementales et de l’Aménagement (ISSGEA), Université DENIS SASSOU-N’GUESSO, Kintélé, Congo
Laboratoire de Biodiversité, de Gestion des Ecosystèmes et de l’Environnement (LBGE), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien NGOUABI, BP 69 Brazzaville, Brazzaville, Congo
Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QE, United Kingdom
Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Department of Forest Mensuration and Management, Ural State Forest Engineering and Economic University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, University, Kumasi, Ghana
Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
Natural Recourses and Watershed Management Office, West Azerbaijan Province, Urmia, Iran
Institut National pour l’Etude et la Recherche Agronomiques, Kinshasa, BP 2037, Democratic Republic Congo
Université Pédagogique Nationale, Kinshasa-Ngaliema, BP 8815, Democratic Republic Congo
Center for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
AMAP lab, Montpellier University, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
Research Division of Natural Resources, Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Yasouj, Iran
Department of Ecology, French Institute of Pondicherry, Puducherry, 605014, India
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, 94720, CA, United States
Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 5825 University Research Ct. #3500, College Park, 20740, MD, United States
Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, Netherlands
School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
Yale-NUS College, 12 College Avenue West, Singapore, 138610, Singapore
ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama, Panama
Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, 1 Arts Link, #03-01 Block AS2, Singapore, 117570, Singapore
Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
Division Forest Office, Ministry of Forest, Sudurpashchim province, Dhangadhi, Nepal
College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, TN, San Michele all’Adige, 38098, Italy
Département des Eaux, Forêts et Environnement, Institut des Sciences de l’Environnement et du Développement Rural, Université Daniel Ouezzin Coulibaly, Dédougou, BP 176, Burkina Faso
Bordeaux Sciences Agro-UMR ISPA, INRAE, Bordeaux, France
Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Calle 43 #130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P, Yucatán, Mérida, 97205, Mexico
Statistics Netherlands, Henri Faasdreef 312, Den Haag, 2492 JP, Netherlands
Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Coyoacán, Ciudad de México C.P, 04510, Mexico
Department of Geography and Planning, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
Department of Biology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, 63130, MO, United States
CIRAD, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, Montpellier, F-34398, France
Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, CH-8903, Switzerland
CSIRO Environment, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, Australia
Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, 88003, NM, United States
Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510631, China
University of Bayreuth, Department of Plant Systematics, Universitätsstr. 30-31, Bayreuth, 95440, Germany
Department of Botany, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand
Gilgit-Baltistan Forest Wildlife and Environment Department, Gilgit, Pakistan
Research Institute for the Environment & Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, Casuarina, NSW, Australia
Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Kochi, Nankoku, 783-8502, Japan
Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Ibaraki, Tsukuba, 305-8687, Japan
Institute of Forestry, Tribhuvan University, Hetauda Campus, Hetauda, 44107, Nepal
Faculty of Desert Studies, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Somehsara, 43619-96196, Iran
Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Ibaraki, Tsukuba, 305-8686, Japan
Office of the Vice Provost for International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, 08544, NJ, United States
Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
Department of Forest Resources Management, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210037, China
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), 62000, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya
Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, United Kingdom
Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States
Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Aschebergsgatan 44, Göteborg, 411 33, Sweden
Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre (GGBC), Gothenburg, Sweden
Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
Laboratoire de Botanique systématique et d’Ecologie, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Global Science, The Nature Conservancy, Cape Town, South Africa
Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Michoacán, Morelia, Mexico
Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708PB, Netherlands
Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Forestry and Environment Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Selangor, Kepong, 52109, Malaysia
The Tree Projects, Hobart, TAS, Australia
Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - CONICET, CC 332, (9400), Santa Cruz, Río Gallegos, Argentina
Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Kermanshah Province, Agricultural Research, Extension and Education Organization, Kermanshah, Iran
Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Distrito Industrial, Acre, Rio Branco, 69920-900, Brazil
Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Hengelosestraat 99, Enschede, 7514AE, Netherlands
UMR EcoFoG, CIRAD, Campus Agronomique, Kourou, 97310, French Guiana
Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, United Kingdom
School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University Flagstaff, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Horonobe, 098-2943, Japan
Department of Geography, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, CA, United States
Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, 03824, NH, United States
Department of Forestry and Dr. Hedayat Ghazanfari Center for Research and Development of Northern Zagros Forestry, University of Kurdistan, Kurdistan, Iran
Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Pkwy, Regina, S4S 0A2, SK, Canada
Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, 26129, Germany
School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, East Quadrangle, Glasgow, United Kingdom
German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, North Bay, P1A 4L7, ON, Canada
Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, Changsha, 410004, China
Forest Science, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Locked Bag 5022, Parramatta, 2124, NSW, Australia
State Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
Graduate School of Integrated Sciences of Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
Universidad de Alcalá, Forest Ecology and Restoration Group (FORECO), Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Madrid, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Spain
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