Microbiological Risks to Health Associated with the Release of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and ß-Lactam Antibiotics Through Hospital Wastewater
Por:
Nolasco-Rojas, AE, Cruz-Del-Agua, E, Cruz-Cruz, C, Loyola-Cruz, MA, Ayil-Gutiérrez, BA, Tamayo-Ordóñez, MC, Tamayo-Ordoñez, YD, Rojas-Bernabé, A, Tamayo-Ordoñez, FA, Durán-Manuel, EM, Paredes-Mendoza, M, Márquez-Valdelamar, LM, Jiménez-Zamarripa, CA, Ocharan-Hernández, E, Zárate-Segura, PB, García-Hernández, O, Sosa-Hernández, O, Vásquez-Jiménez, E, Calzada-Mendoza, CC, Bello-López, JM
Publicada:
23 abr 2025
Resumen:
Hospital wastewater (HWW) is a major source of microbiological contamination, often released into the municipal sewage system without prior treatment. This HWW may contain pathogens with antimicrobial resistance, posing risks to public health. The aim of this work was to assess the risks associated with the seasonal release of ESKAPE bacteria resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics and the release of carbapenems and cephalosporins through HWW of Hospital Ju & aacute;rez de M & eacute;xico. The 12-month seasonal variation in beta-lactam-resistant bacterial populations was assessed in the HWW of five discharge points. Resistant isolates were identified by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) coupled with PCR assays to search for antimicrobial resistance genes, while beta-lactamic antibiotics were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Finally, a double-entry Vester matrix was constructed to classify the problems of HWW according to their degree of causality. Seasonal differences in bacterial loads were observed, with higher levels in warmer months. A wide variety of resistant pathogens were identified, including ESKAPE bacteria, as well as emerging bacteria carrying beta-lactamase-encoding genes. The release of meropenem was detected most commonly, followed by cefepime and ceftazidime. The Vester matrix allowed the identification of critical clinical and environmental scenarios where two discharge points contribute significantly to the spread of microbiological contamination. This study highlights the importance of proper management of HWW and the need for stricter regulations to reduce the risks associated with the release of resistant pathogens with health impacts.
Filiaciones:
Nolasco-Rojas, AE:
Hosp Juarez Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
Inst Politecn Nacl, Escuela Super Med, Secc Estudios Posgrad & Invest, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
Cruz-Del-Agua, E:
Hosp Juarez Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
Cruz-Cruz, C:
Hosp Juarez Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
Inst Politecn Nacl, Escuela Super Med, Secc Estudios Posgrad & Invest, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
Loyola-Cruz, MA:
Hosp Juarez Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
Ayil-Gutiérrez, BA:
Inst Politecn Nacl, SECIHTI Ctr Biotecnol Genom, Biotecnol Vegetal, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
Tamayo-Ordóñez, MC:
Univ Autonoma Coahuila, Fac Ciencias Quim, Dept Biotecnol, Lab Ingn Genet, Saltillo 25280, Mexico
Tamayo-Ordoñez, YD:
Inst Politecn Nacl, Lab Biotecnol Ambiental, Ctr Biotecnol Genom, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
Rojas-Bernabé, A:
Inst Politecn Nacl, Escuela Super Med, Secc Estudios Posgrad & Invest, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
Tamayo-Ordoñez, FA:
Univ Autonoma Carmen, Fac Quim, Ciudad Del Carmen 24180, Mexico
Durán-Manuel, EM:
Hosp Juarez Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
Inst Politecn Nacl, Escuela Super Med, Secc Estudios Posgrad & Invest, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
Paredes-Mendoza, M:
Univ Tecnol Nezahualcoyotl, Div Tecnol Ambiental, Nezahualcoyotl 57000, Mexico
Márquez-Valdelamar, LM:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Lab Secuenciac Genomica, LaNaBio, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
Jiménez-Zamarripa, CA:
Inst Politecn Nacl, Escuela Super Med, Secc Estudios Posgrad & Invest, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
Hosp Psiquiatr Dr Samuel Ramirez Moreno, Dept Dietol, Valle De Chalco Solidarid 56619, Mexico
Ocharan-Hernández, E:
Inst Politecn Nacl, Escuela Super Med, Secc Estudios Posgrad & Invest, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
Zárate-Segura, PB:
Inst Politecn Nacl, Escuela Super Med, Secc Estudios Posgrad & Invest, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
García-Hernández, O:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med, Div Invest, Mexico City 54090, Mexico
Sosa-Hernández, O:
Hosp Juarez Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
Vásquez-Jiménez, E:
Hosp Juarez Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
Calzada-Mendoza, CC:
Inst Politecn Nacl, Escuela Super Med, Secc Estudios Posgrad & Invest, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
Bello-López, JM:
Hosp Juarez Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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