Streamlining Global Germplasm Exchange: Integrating Scientific Rigor and Common Sense to Exclude Phantom Agents from Regulation
Por:
Tzanetakis I.E., Aknadibossian V., Špak J., Constable F., Harper S.J., Hammond J., Candresse T., Folimonova S.Y., Freitas-Astúa J., Fuchs M., Jelkmann W., Maliogka V.I., Marais A., Martin R.R., Mollov D., Vidalakis G., Aboughanem-Sabanadzovic N., Al Rwahnih M., Alabi O.J., Alioto D., Atanda H.Y., Bagi F., Baranwal V.K., Barbosa C., Bar-Joseph M., Batista Le Riverend L., Belien T., Benítez-Galeano M.J., Bennypaul H., Bertaccini A., Bester R., Blouin A.G., Blystad D.-R., Botermans M., Bozan O., Brakta A., Brans Y., Bulajic A., Caglayan K., Catara A., Choueiri E., Cieslinska M., Cook G., Cui W., da Graça J., Davino S., Delmiglio C., Dewdney M.M., Di Serio F., Diaz-Lara A., Digiaro M., Djelouah K., Dong Y.F., Donovan N., Druciarek T.Z., Duran-Vila N., Elçi E., Esquivel-Fariña A., Fall M.L., Fan X.D., Figueroa J., Fiore N., Fowkes A.R., Fox A., Fránová J., Fuchs R., Gaafar Y.Z.A., García M.L., Ghosh D., Girardi E., Glasa M., Gomez Talquenca S., Gratz A., Gritsenko D., Hajeri S., Hajizadeh M., Hamborg Z., Ho T., Holeva M., Holkar S.K., Horner M., Hurtado-Gonzales O.P., Ippolito A., Isac V., Iwanami T., Jofre-Y-Garfias A.E., Jordan R., Katis N., Koloniuk I., Konings H., Križanac I., Krueger R., Kyrychenko A., Laranjeira F., Lavagi-Craddock I., Levy A., Licciardello G., Lu Q.-Y., MacFarlane S.A., Marcone C., Maree H.J., Margaria P., Martic A., Massart S., Mathioudakis M.M., Matic S., Mavric Plesko I., Meekes E.T.M., Mehle N., Melzer M.J., Meng B., Menzel W., Miljanic V., Minafra A., Minutolo M., Mitra A., Moreno P., Navarro L., Navarro B., Nerva L., Okic A., Olmos A., Önelge N., Osundahunsi B., Palacios M.F., Pallas V., Panno S., Perez-Egusquiza Z., Poudel-Ward B., Radišek S., Ramos-González P.L., Ramteke P., Ranabhat N.B., Rivarez M.P.S., Rivas F., Roenhorst A., Roy A., Ruiz-García A.B., Sabanadzovic S., Šafárová D., Saldarelli P., Salem N., Sanahuja Solsona G., Schoen R., Sharma S.K., Shilts T., Sierra-Mejia A., Singh S., Skelton A., Škoric D., Stainton D., Štajner N., Starovic M., Stuchi E., Svoboda P., Tahzima R., Tang J., Tessitori M., Thermoz J.-P., Thompson E., Thompson J., Trebicki P., Turina M., Ulubas Serce C., Umble J., Valiunas D., Varallyay E., Varma A., Varveri C., Vásquez-Gutiérrez U., Vazquez-Iglesias I., Veerakone S., Villamor D.E., Vives M.C., Voncina D., Wang J., Westenberg M., Wetzel T., Winter S., Wright G., Wulff N.A., Xu W.X., Yokomi R., Zhou C., Zikeli K., Zindovic J.
Publicada:
1 ene 2025
Resumen:
This collaborative work by over 180 researchers from 40+ countries addresses the challenges posed by “phantom agents”—putative pathogenic agents named in literature without supporting data on their existence. Those agents remain on regulatory lists, creating barriers in trade and plant certification. Historically identified based solely on symptoms, these agents lack isolates or sequence data, making reliable detection or risk assessment impossible. After reviewing over 120 such agents across 10 key plant genera, we recommend their removal from regulatory lists and call for revised standards aligned with modern diagnostics. This effort seeks to streamline germplasm exchange, benefiting global agriculture by removing the constraints imposed by phantoms. © 2024 The American Phytopathological Society.
Filiaciones:
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, 72701, AR, United States
University of Florida, Department of Plant Pathology, Gainesville, 32611, FL, United States
Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceské Budejovice, CZ 370 05, Czech Republic
Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action, Bundoora, 3083, VIC, Australia
Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Prosser, 99350, WA, United States
Floral and Nursery Plants Research, US National Arboretum, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, 20705, MD, United States
Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR BFP, Villenave d’Ornon, 33882 cedex, France
Embrapa Cassava and Fruits, BA, Cruz das Almas, 44380-000, Brazil
Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Geneva, 14456, NY, United States
Julius Kühn-Institute, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Dossenheim, 69221, Germany
Plant Pathology Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 97339, OR, United States
USDA-APHIS-Plant Protection and Quarantine, Riverdale, 20737, MD, United States
Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, 92507, CA, United States
Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, 39762, MS, United States
Foundation Plant Services, Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, 95616, CA, United States
Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, 78596, TX, United States
Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy
Department of Plant and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
Advanced Centre of Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
The Volcani Center, Jerusalem, Israel
Grupo de Fitopatología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Fruticultura Tropical, La Habana, Cuba
Proefcentrum Fruitteelt vzw (pcfruit vzw), Zoology Department, Sint-Truiden, 3800, Belgium
Unidad de Genómica y Bioinformática, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de la República, CENUR Litoral Norte, Salto, 50000, Uruguay
Centre for Plant Health - North Saanich, Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), North Saanich, V8L 1H3, BC, Canada
Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40127, Italy
Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
Research Group Virology, Bacteriology and Phytoplasmology, Plant Protection Department, Nyon, Switzerland
Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Aas, 1433, Norway
Netherlands Institute for Vectors, Invasive plants and Plant health (NIVIP), National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO), Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), Geertjesweg 15, Wageningen, 6706 EA, Netherlands
Department of Plant Protection, Agriculture Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana, 01330, Turkey
Plant Virology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Nauni Sola, Himachal Pradesh, 173230, India
CTIFL, Laboratoire de virologie fruitière, Centre de Lanxade, Prigonrieux, 24130, France
Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia
Department of Plant Protection, Agriculture Faculty, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Turkey
Formerly, Science and Technology Park of Sicily, ZI Blocco Palma I, Catania, 95131, Italy
Department of Plant Protection, Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, Tal Amara, P.O. Box 287, Zahlé, Lebanon
Department of Plant Pathology, The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland
Citrus Research International, Graft Transmissible Diseases, Mpumalanga, 1200, South Africa
Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8820808, Chile
Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, United States
Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
Plant Health & Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand
Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, 33850, FL, United States
Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection-CNR, Bari, 70126, Italy
School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Queretaro, 76130, Mexico
CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, BA, Valenzano, Italy
Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura - FUNDECITRUS, Araraquara, 14807-040, Brazil
New South Wales Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Menangle, 2568, NSW, Australia
Department of Plant Protection, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Moncada, Valencia, 46113, Spain
Department of Plant Production and Technologies, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (FCA) de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción (UNA), San Lorenzo, Paraguay
Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Université de Sherbrooke, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
National Center for Eliminating Viruses from Deciduous Fruit Tree, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, 125100, China
Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
Fera Science Ltd., York Biotech Campus, York, United Kingdom
State Institute of Viticulture and Oenology (WBI), Freiburg, 79100, Germany
Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
ICAR – Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, India
Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 84505, Slovakia
Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria - EEA Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Alliance of Pest Control Districts, Tulare, CA, United States
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
Driscoll’s Inc., Watsonville, CA, United States
Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Scientific Directorate of Phytopathology, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Athens, GR-14561, Greece
ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Maharashtra, Pune, 412307, India
The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health and Inspection Services, Beltsville, 20705, MD, United States
Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
Research Institute for Fruit Growing, O.P.1, C.P. 73, Pitesti, Arges, 110006, Romania
Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Kanagawa, Atsugi, 243-0034, Japan
Laboratory of Agrigenomic Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, León, 37689, Mexico
Naktuinbouw, Roelofarendsveen, 2371 GD, Netherlands
Centre for Plant Protection, Croatian Agency for Agriculture and Food, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
USDA-ARS-NCGRCD, Riverside, 92507, CA, United States
Plant Virus Laboratory, D.K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine
CREA, Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, CT, Acireale, 95024, Italy
Department of Moriculture, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu, Zhenjiang, China
Cell and Molecular Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, United Kingdom
Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, I-84084, Italy
Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Plant Virus Department, Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
Development Sector, 13. Jul Plantaže a.d., Podgorica, Montenegro
Plant Pathology Laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
Plant Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Chania, Gr-73134, Greece
Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection-CNR, Torino, 10135, Italy
Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
University of Hawaii, Honolulu, 96822, HI, United States
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Conegliano, 31015, Italy
University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Sarajevo, 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
School of Plant Sciences, Yuma Agriculture Center, University of Arizona, Yuma, 85364, AZ, United States
Department of Plant Protection, Slovenian Institute of Hop Research and Brewing, Žalec, SI-3310, Slovenia
Instituto Biológico, Avenida Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves, São Paulo, 04014-900, Brazil
Department of Biotechnology, Hislop College, Civil Lines, Nagpur, 440001, India
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
Philippine Genome Center-Visayas, Philippines Caraga State University, Agusan del Norte, Butuan City, 8600, Philippines
National Institute of Agricultural Research, Montevideo, 11500, Uruguay
Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, 20705, MD, United States
Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, 39762, MS, United States
Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
Fall Creek Farm and Nursery Inc., Lowell, 97452, OR, United States
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Belgrade, Serbia
Hop Research Institute Co., Ltd., Kadanská, 438 14, Czech Republic
Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, I-95123, Italy
INRAE, Agap Antenne Corse, San Giuliano, 20230, France
Hortifrut Genetics Ltd., Dublin, Ireland
Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, LT-08412, Lithuania
Genomics Research Group, Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Plant Protection, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllo, 2100, Hungary
Plant Virology Area, Department of Agricultural Parasitology, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, Calzada Antonio Narro, Saltillo, 25315, Mexico
Division of Phytomedicine, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
State Education and Research Center of Viticulture, Horticulture and Rural Development Rheinpfalz, Institute of Plant Protection, Breitenweg 71, a.d. Weinstraße, Neustadt, 67435, Germany
College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
USDA-ARS, Parlier, 93648, CA, United States
Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
Department of Plant Protection, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, 81000, Montenegro
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