Optimizing pre-carbonization temperature in sustainable cow hoof-derived activated carbon for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes
Por:
Lobato-Peralta D.R., Orugba H.O., Arias D., Sebastian P.J., Okolie J.A., Okoye P.U.
Publicada:
1 ene 2025
Ahead of Print:
1 dic 2024
Resumen:
This study focuses on optimizing carbon materials derived from cow hooves (an abundant and sustainable bioresidue) for use as electrodes in supercapacitors, with particular emphasis on the pre-carbonization process prior to chemical activation using environmentally friendly potassium carbonate (K2CO3). Pre-carbonization was conducted at varying temperatures (500, 600, and 700 ºC), subsequent chemical activation involved impregnation with K2CO3 at a ratio of 3:1 (activating agent to precursor) and activation at 800 ºC. The resulting activated carbons underwent comprehensive structural and morphological characterization using advanced techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Electrochemical performance was evaluated through cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in a three-electrode configuration. Among the samples, the material pre-carbonized at 600 ºC exhibited the best electrochemical performance, achieving the highest specific capacitance in the group. When incorporated into a symmetric aqueous supercapacitor, this material achieved an impressive specific capacitance exceeding 200 F/g and demonstrated excellent electrochemical stability over prolonged cycles. This research not only establishes cow hoof-derived carbons as a sustainable and efficient material for supercapacitor electrodes but also provides valuable insights into the design of eco-friendly energy storage systems. © 2024
Filiaciones:
Instituto de Carboquímica, CSIC, Miguel Luesma Castán 4, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Delta State University, Abraka, Oleh Campus, P.M.B. 22, Oleh, Nigeria
Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Privada Xochicalco S/N, Col. Centro, Temixco, 62580, Mexico
Department of chemical Engineering-Bucknell University, One Dent Drive, Lewisburg, 17837, PA, United States
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