Catalytic Conversion of Levulinic Acid over Sn-BTC and Sn-H3-5-SIP Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts
Por:
Chávez-León, JP, Cabrera-Munguia, DA, Gutiérrez-Alejandre, A, Solis-Casados, DA, Espinoza-Almeraya, ML, González, H
Publicada:
1 nov 2024
Resumen:
This work presents the synthesis and characterization of materials that contain Sn metal clusters formed by ligands of trimesic acid (Sn-BTC) or 5-sulfobenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (Sn-H-3-5-SIP). These catalysts were used to convert levulinic acid with ethanol to produce ethyl levulinate under mild reaction conditions. The characterization results confirmed that Sn is mainly present in the cassiterite crystalline phase with a tetragonal rutile structure in octahedral and tetrahedral coordination in the materials. The assembly of trimesic acid (a hard base) with metal species (Sn) results in the formation of acid and thermally stable metal-organic frameworks. The use of 5-sulfobenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid instead of trimesic acid in the synthesis incorporates sulfonic groups in the material, enhancing the total acidity of the Sn-H-3-5-SIP catalyst compared to the Sn-BTC material. The Sn-H-3-5-SIP catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic activity when converting levulinic acid with ethanol, resulting in a turnover frequency (TOF) of 0.0495 s(-1), which is a 50% increase compared to the TOF of the Sn-BTC catalyst (0.0329 s(-1)). This result can be attributed to its higher concentration of acid sites (2.23 +/- 0.05 mmol H+/g(cat)) and specific area (139 m(2)/g). Thus, materials containing tin metal clusters and sulfonic groups are promising materials that could be used as catalysts for synthesizing ethyl levulinate under mild reaction conditions.
Filiaciones:
Chávez-León, JP:
Univ Michoacana, Fac Ingn Quim, Morelia 58060, Mexico
Cabrera-Munguia, DA:
Univ Autonoma Coahuila, Fac Ciencias Quim, Saltillo 25280, Mexico
Gutiérrez-Alejandre, A:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Ingn Quim, Unidad Invest Catalisis, Ciudad De Mexico 04510, Mexico
Solis-Casados, DA:
Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Fac Quim, Ctr Conjunto Invest Quim Sustentable, Toluca 50120, Mexico
Espinoza-Almeraya, ML:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Ingn Quim, Unidad Invest Catalisis, Ciudad De Mexico 04510, Mexico
González, H:
Univ Michoacana, Fac Ingn Quim, Morelia 58060, Mexico
gold, All Open Access; Gold Open Access
|