Search for Joint Multimessenger Signals from Potential Galactic Cosmic-Ray Accelerators with HAWC and IceCube


Por: Alfaro R., Alvarez C., Arteaga-Velázquez J.C., Avila Rojas D., Ayala Solares H.A., Babu R., Belmont-Moreno E., Caballero-Mora K.S., Capistrán T., Carramiñana A., Casanova S., Cotti U., Cotzomi J., Coutiño de León S., De la Fuente E., Depaoli D., Di Lalla N., Diaz Hernandez R., Díaz-Vélez J.C., Engel K., Ergin T., Fan K.L., Fang K., Fraija N., Fraija S., García-González J.A., Garfias F., González M.M., Goodman J.A., Groetsch S., Harding J.P., Hernández-Cadena S., Herzog I., Huang D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla F., Hüntemeyer P., Iriarte A., Kaufmann S., Lee J., León Vargas H., Luis-Raya G., Malone K., Martínez-Castro J., Matthews J.A., Miranda-Romagnoli P., Montes J.A., Moreno E., Mostafá M., Nellen L., Nisa M.U., Omodei N., Osorio M., Pérez Araujo Y., Pérez-Pérez E.G., Rho C.D., Rosa-González D., Salazar H., Salazar-Gallegos D., Sandoval A., Schneider M., Serna-Franco J., Smith A.J., Son Y., Tibolla O., Tollefson K., Torres I., Torres-Escobedo R., Turner R., Ureña-Mena F., Wang X., Watson I.J., Whitaker K., Willox E., Wu H., Yun-Cárcamo S., Zhou H., de León C., Abbasi R., Ackermann M., Adams J., Agarwalla S.K., Aguilar J.A., Ahlers M., Alameddine J.M., Amin N.M., Andeen K., Argüelles C., Ashida Y., Athanasiadou S., Ausborm L., Axani S.N., Bai X., Balagopal V.A., Baricevic M., Barwick S.W., Bash S., Basu V., Bay R., Beatty J.J., Becker Tjus J., Beise J., Bellenghi C., Benning C., BenZvi S., Berley D., Bernardini E., Besson D.Z., Blaufuss E., Bloom L., Blot S., Bontempo F., Book Motzkin J.Y., Boscolo Meneguolo C., Böser S., Botner O., Böttcher J., Braun J., Brinson B., Brostean-Kaiser J., Brusa L., Burley R.T., Butterfield D., Campana M.A., Caracas I., Carloni K., Carpio J., Chattopadhyay S., Chau N., Chen Z., Chirkin D., Choi S., Clark B.A., Coleman A., Collin G.H., Connolly A., Conrad J.M., Coppin P., Corley R., Correa P., Cowen D.F., Dave P., De Clercq C., DeLaunay J.J., Delgado D., Deng S., Desai A., Desiati P., de Vries K.D., de Wasseige G., DeYoung T., Diaz A., Dierichs P., Dittmer M., Domi A., Draper L., Dujmovic H., Dutta K., DuVernois M.A., Ehrhardt T., Eidenschink L., Eimer A., Eller P., Ellinger E., El Mentawi S., Elsässer D., Engel R., Erpenbeck H., Evans J., Evenson P.A., Farrag K., Fazely A.R., Fedynitch A., Feigl N., Fiedlschuster S., Finley C., Fischer L., Fox D., Franckowiak A., Fukami S., Fürst P., Gallagher J., Ganster E., Garcia A., Garcia M., Garg G., Genton E., Gerhardt L., Ghadimi A., Girard-Carillo C., Glaser C., Glüsenkamp T., Gonzalez J.G., Goswami S., Granados A., Grant D., Gray S.J., Gries O., Griffin S., Griswold S., Groth K.M., Günther C., Gutjahr P., Ha C., Haack C., Hallgren A., Halve L., Halzen F., Hamdaoui H., Ha Minh M., Handt M., Hanson K., Hardin J., Harnisch A.A., Hatch P., Haungs A., Häußler J., Helbing K., Hellrung J., Hermannsgabner J., Heuermann L., Heyer N., Hickford S., Hidvegi A., Hill C., Hill G.C., Hoffman K.D., Hori S., Hoshina K., Hostert M., Hou W., Huber T., Hultqvist K., Hünnefeld M., Hussain R., Hymon K., Ishihara A., Iwakiri W., Jacquart M., Janik O., Jansson M., Japaridze G.S., Jeong M., Jin M., Jones B.J.P., Kamp N., Kang D., Kang W., Kang X., Kappes A., Kappesser D., Kardum L., Karg T., Karl M., Karle A., Katil A., Katz U., Kauer M., Kelley J.L., Khanal M., Khatee Zathul A., Kheirandish A., Kiryluk J., Klein S.R., Kochocki A., Koirala R., Kolanoski H., Kontrimas T., Köpke L., Kopper C., Koskinen D.J., Koundal P., Kovacevich M., Kowalski M., Kozynets T., Krishnamoorthi J., Kruiswijk K., Krupczak E., Kumar A., Kun E., Kurahashi N., Lad N., Lagunas Gualda C., Lamoureux M., Larson M.J., Latseva S., Lauber F., Lazar J.P., Lee J.W., Leonard DeHolton K., Leszczynska A., Liao J., Lincetto M., Liu Y.T., Liubarska M., Lohfink E., Love C., Lozano Mariscal C.J., Lu L., Lucarelli F., Luszczak W., Lyu Y., Madsen J., Magnus E., Mahn K.B.M., Makino Y., Manao E., Mancina S., Marie Sainte W., Maris I.C., Marka S., Marka Z., Marsee M., Martinez-Soler I., Maruyama R., Mayhew F., McNally F., Mead J.V., Meagher K., Mechbal S., Medina A., Meier M., Merckx Y., Merten L., Micallef J., Mitchell J., Montaruli T., Moore R.W., Morii Y., Morse R., Moulai M., Mukherjee T., Naab R., Nagai R., Nakos M., Naumann U., Necker J., Negi A., Neste L., Neumann M., Niederhausen H., Noda K., Noell A., Novikov A., Obertacke Pollmann A., O'Dell V., Oeyen B., Olivas A., Orsoe R., Osborn J., O'Sullivan E., Pandya H., Park N., Parker G.K., Paudel E.N., Paul L., Pérez de los Heros C., Pernice T., Peterson J., Philippen S., Pizzuto A., Plum M., Pontén A., Popovych Y., Prado Rodriguez M., Pries B., Procter-Murphy R., Przybylski G.T., Raab C., Rack-Helleis J., Ravn M., Rawlins K., Rechav Z., Rehman A., Reichherzer P., Resconi E., Reusch S., Rhode W., Riedel B., Rifaie A., Roberts E.J., Robertson S., Rodan S., Roellinghoff G., Rongen M., Rosted A., Rott C., Ruhe T., Ruohan L., Ryckbosch D., Safa I., Saffer J., Sampathkumar P., Sandrock A., Santander M., Sarkar S., Savelberg J., Savina P., Schaile P., Schaufel M., Schieler H., Schindler S., Schlüter B., Schlüter F., Schmeisser N., Schmidt T., Schneider J., Schröder F.G., Schumacher L., Sclafani S., Seckel D., Seikh M., Seo M., Seunarine S., Sevle Myhr P., Shah R., Shefali S., Shimizu N., Silva M., Skrzypek B., Smithers B., Snihur R., Soedingrekso J., Søgaard A., Soldin D., Soldin P., Sommani G., Spannfellner C., Spiczak G.M., Spiering C., Stamatikos M., Stanev T., Stezelberger T., Stürwald T., Stuttard T., Sullivan G.W., Taboada I., Ter-Antonyan S., Terliuk A., Thiesmeyer M., Thompson W.G., Thwaites J., Tilav S., Tönnis C., Toscano S., Tosi D., Trettin A., Turcotte R., Twagirayezu J.P., Unland Elorrieta M.A., Upadhyay A.K., Upshaw K., Vaidyanathan A., Valtonen-Mattila N., Vandenbroucke J., van Eijndhoven N., Vannerom D., van Santen J., Vara J., Veitch-Michaelis J., Venugopal M., Vereecken M., Verpoest S., Veske D., Vijai A., Walck C., Wang A., Weaver C., Weigel P., Weindl A., Weldert J., Wen A.Y., Wendt C., Werthebach J., Weyrauch M., Whitehorn N., Wiebusch C.H., Williams D.R., Witthaus L., Wolf A., Wolf M., Wrede G., Xu X.W., Yanez J.P., Yildizci E., Yoshida S., Young R., Yu S., Yuan T., Zhang Z., Zhelnin P., Zilberman P., Zimmerman M.

Publicada: 1 ene 2024
Resumen:
The origin of high-energy galactic cosmic rays is yet to be understood, but some galactic cosmic-ray accelerators can accelerate cosmic rays up to PeV energies. The high-energy cosmic rays are expected to interact with the surrounding material or radiation, resulting in the production of gamma-rays and neutrinos. To optimize for the detection of such associated production of gamma-rays and neutrinos for a given source morphology and spectrum, a multimessenger analysis that combines gamma-rays and neutrinos is required. In this study, we use the MultiMission Maximum Likelihood framework with IceCube Maximum Likelihood Analysis software and HAWC Accelerated Likelihood to search for a correlation between 22 known gamma-ray sources from the third HAWC gamma-ray catalog and 14 yr of IceCube track-like data. No significant neutrino emission from the direction of the HAWC sources was found. We report the best-fit gamma-ray model and 90% CL neutrino flux limit from the 22 sources. From the neutrino flux limit, we conclude that, for five of the sources, the gamma-ray emission observed by HAWC cannot be produced purely from hadronic interactions. We report the limit for the fraction of gammarays produced by hadronic interactions for these five sources. © 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Filiaciones:
Alfaro R.:
 Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico

Alvarez C.:
 Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico

Arteaga-Velázquez J.C.:
 Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico

Avila Rojas D.:
 Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico

Ayala Solares H.A.:
 Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, United States

Babu R.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States

Belmont-Moreno E.:
 Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico

Caballero-Mora K.S.:
 Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico

Capistrán T.:
 Instituto de Astronomia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico

Carramiñana A.:
 Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico

Casanova S.:
 Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, IFJ-PAN, Krakow, PL-31342, Poland

Cotti U.:
 Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico

Cotzomi J.:
 Facultad de Ciencias Fisico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico

Coutiño de León S.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

De la Fuente E.:
 Departamento de Fisica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactase Ingenierias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico

Depaoli D.:
 Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany

Di Lalla N.:
 Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305-4060, CA, United States

Diaz Hernandez R.:
 Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico

Díaz-Vélez J.C.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

Engel K.:
 Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States

Ergin T.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States

Fan K.L.:
 Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States

Fang K.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

Fraija N.:
 Instituto de Astronomia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico

Fraija S.:
 Instituto de Astronomia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico

García-González J.A.:
 Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Toluca, Estado de México, Toluca de Lerdo, Mexico

Garfias F.:
 Instituto de Astronomia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico

González M.M.:
 Instituto de Astronomia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico

Goodman J.A.:
 Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States

Groetsch S.:
 Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States

Harding J.P.:
 Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States

Hernández-Cadena S.:
 Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

Herzog I.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States

Huang D.:
 Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States

Hueyotl-Zahuantitla F.:
 Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico

Hüntemeyer P.:
 Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States

Iriarte A.:
 Instituto de Astronomia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico

Kaufmann S.:
 Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Mexico

Lee J.:
 Natural Science Research Institute, University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea

León Vargas H.:
 Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico

 Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico

Luis-Raya G.:
 Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Mexico

Malone K.:
 Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States

Martínez-Castro J.:
 Centro de Investigación en Computación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico

Matthews J.A.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States

Miranda-Romagnoli P.:
 Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico

Montes J.A.:
 Instituto de Astronomia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico

Moreno E.:
 Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico

Mostafá M.:
 Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States

Nellen L.:
 Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico

Nisa M.U.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States

Omodei N.:
 Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305-4060, CA, United States

Osorio M.:
 Instituto de Astronomia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico

Pérez Araujo Y.:
 Instituto de Astronomia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico

Pérez-Pérez E.G.:
 Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Mexico

Rho C.D.:
 Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea

Rosa-González D.:
 Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico

Salazar H.:
 Facultad de Ciencias Fisico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico

Salazar-Gallegos D.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States

Sandoval A.:
 Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico

Schneider M.:
 Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States

Serna-Franco J.:
 Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico

Smith A.J.:
 Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States

Son Y.:
 Natural Science Research Institute, University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea

Tibolla O.:
 Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Mexico

Tollefson K.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States

Torres I.:
 Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico

Torres-Escobedo R.:
 Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

Turner R.:
 Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States

Ureña-Mena F.:
 Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico

Wang X.:
 Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States

Watson I.J.:
 Natural Science Research Institute, University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea

Whitaker K.:
 Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, United States

Willox E.:
 Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States

Wu H.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

Yun-Cárcamo S.:
 Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States

Zhou H.:
 Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

de León C.:
 Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico

Abbasi R.:
 Department of Physics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, 60660, IL, United States

Ackermann M.:
 Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Desy, Platanenallee 6, Zeuthen, D-15738, Germany

Adams J.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand

Agarwalla S.K.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

 Institute of Physics, Sachivalaya Marg, Sainik School Post, Bhubaneswar, 751005, India

Aguilar J.A.:
 Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty, CP230, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium

Ahlers M.:
 Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark

Alameddine J.M.:
 Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, D-44221, Germany

Amin N.M.:
 Bartol Research Institute, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, 19716, DE, United States

Andeen K.:
 Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, 53201, WI, United States

Argüelles C.:
 Department of Physics, Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, MA, United States

Ashida Y.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84112, UT, United States

Athanasiadou S.:
 Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Desy, Platanenallee 6, Zeuthen, D-15738, Germany

Ausborm L.:
 III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, D-52056, Germany

Axani S.N.:
 Bartol Research Institute, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, 19716, DE, United States

Bai X.:
 Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, 57701, SD, United States

Balagopal V.A.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

Baricevic M.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

Barwick S.W.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, 92697, CA, United States

Bash S.:
 Physik-department, Technische Universitat München, Garching, D-85748, Germany

Basu V.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

Bay R.:
 Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, CA, United States

Beatty J.J.:
 Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, United States

 Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, United States

Becker Tjus J.:
 Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, D-44780, Germany

 Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 412 96, Sweden

Beise J.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala, SE-75120, Sweden

Bellenghi C.:
 Physik-department, Technische Universitat München, Garching, D-85748, Germany

Benning C.:
 III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, D-52056, Germany

BenZvi S.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, 14627, NY, United States

Berley D.:
 Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States

Bernardini E.:
 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, Università Degli Studi di Padova, Padova, I-35122, Italy

Besson D.Z.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 66045, KS, United States

Blaufuss E.:
 Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States

Bloom L.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, 35487, AL, United States

Blot S.:
 Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Desy, Platanenallee 6, Zeuthen, D-15738, Germany

Bontempo F.:
 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, D-76021, Germany

Book Motzkin J.Y.:
 Department of Physics, Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, MA, United States

Boscolo Meneguolo C.:
 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, Università Degli Studi di Padova, Padova, I-35122, Italy

Böser S.:
 Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, Mainz, D-55099, Germany

Botner O.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala, SE-75120, Sweden

Böttcher J.:
 III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, D-52056, Germany

Braun J.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

Brinson B.:
 School of Physics, Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, GA, United States

Brostean-Kaiser J.:
 Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Desy, Platanenallee 6, Zeuthen, D-15738, Germany

Brusa L.:
 III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, D-52056, Germany

Burley R.T.:
 Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia

Butterfield D.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

Campana M.A.:
 Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, United States

Caracas I.:
 Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, Mainz, D-55099, Germany

Carloni K.:
 Department of Physics, Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, MA, United States

Carpio J.:
 Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 89154, NV, United States

 Nevada Center for Astrophysics, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 89154, NV, United States

Chattopadhyay S.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

 Institute of Physics, Sachivalaya Marg, Sainik School Post, Bhubaneswar, 751005, India

Chau N.:
 Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty, CP230, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium

Chen Z.:
 Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794-3800, NY, United States

Chirkin D.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

Choi S.:
 Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea

 Institute of Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea

Clark B.A.:
 Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States

Coleman A.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala, SE-75120, Sweden

Collin G.H.:
 Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, MA, United States

Connolly A.:
 Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, United States

 Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, United States

Conrad J.M.:
 Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, MA, United States

Coppin P.:
 Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium

Corley R.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84112, UT, United States

Correa P.:
 Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium

Cowen D.F.:
 Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, United States

 Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, United States

Dave P.:
 School of Physics, Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, GA, United States

De Clercq C.:
 Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium

DeLaunay J.J.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, 35487, AL, United States

Delgado D.:
 Department of Physics, Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, MA, United States

Deng S.:
 III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, D-52056, Germany

Desai A.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

Desiati P.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

de Vries K.D.:
 Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium

de Wasseige G.:
 Centre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology - CP3, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

DeYoung T.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States

Diaz A.:
 Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, MA, United States

Dierichs P.:
 III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, D-52056, Germany

Dittmer M.:
 Institut für Kernphysik, Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Münster, Münster, D-48149, Germany

Domi A.:
 Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, D-91058, Germany

Draper L.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84112, UT, United States

Dujmovic H.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

Dutta K.:
 Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, Mainz, D-55099, Germany

DuVernois M.A.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

Ehrhardt T.:
 Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, Mainz, D-55099, Germany

Eidenschink L.:
 Physik-department, Technische Universitat München, Garching, D-85748, Germany

Eimer A.:
 Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, D-91058, Germany

Eller P.:
 Physik-department, Technische Universitat München, Garching, D-85748, Germany

Ellinger E.:
 Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, D-42119, Germany

El Mentawi S.:
 III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, D-52056, Germany

Elsässer D.:
 Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, D-44221, Germany

Engel R.:
 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, D-76021, Germany

 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, D-76021, Germany

Erpenbeck H.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

Evans J.:
 Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States

Evenson P.A.:
 Bartol Research Institute, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, 19716, DE, United States

Farrag K.:
 Department of Physics, The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan

Fazely A.R.:
 Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, 70813, LA, United States

Fedynitch A.:
 Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan

Feigl N.:
 Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Berlin, D-12489, Germany

Fiedlschuster S.:
 Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, D-91058, Germany

Finley C.:
 Oskar Klein Centre, Dept. of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-10691, Sweden

Fischer L.:
 Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Desy, Platanenallee 6, Zeuthen, D-15738, Germany

Fox D.:
 Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, United States

Franckowiak A.:
 Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, D-44780, Germany

Fukami S.:
 Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Desy, Platanenallee 6, Zeuthen, D-15738, Germany

Fürst P.:
 III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, D-52056, Germany

Gallagher J.:
 Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

Ganster E.:
 III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, D-52056, Germany

Garcia A.:
 Department of Physics, Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, MA, United States

Garcia M.:
 Bartol Research Institute, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, 19716, DE, United States

Garg G.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

 Institute of Physics, Sachivalaya Marg, Sainik School Post, Bhubaneswar, 751005, India

Genton E.:
 Department of Physics, Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, MA, United States

 Centre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology - CP3, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

Gerhardt L.:
 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, 94720, CA, United States

Ghadimi A.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, 35487, AL, United States

Girard-Carillo C.:
 Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, Mainz, D-55099, Germany

Glaser C.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala, SE-75120, Sweden

Glüsenkamp T.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala, SE-75120, Sweden

 Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, D-91058, Germany

Gonzalez J.G.:
 Bartol Research Institute, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, 19716, DE, United States

Goswami S.:
 Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 89154, NV, United States

 Nevada Center for Astrophysics, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 89154, NV, United States

Granados A.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States

Grant D.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States

Gray S.J.:
 Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States

Gries O.:
 III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, D-52056, Germany

Griffin S.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

Griswold S.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, 14627, NY, United States

Groth K.M.:
 Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark

Günther C.:
 III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, D-52056, Germany

Gutjahr P.:
 Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, D-44221, Germany

Ha C.:
 Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea

Haack C.:
 Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, D-91058, Germany

Hallgren A.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala, SE-75120, Sweden

Halve L.:
 III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, D-52056, Germany

Halzen F.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

Hamdaoui H.:
 Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794-3800, NY, United States

Ha Minh M.:
 Physik-department, Technische Universitat München, Garching, D-85748, Germany

Handt M.:
 III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, D-52056, Germany

Hanson K.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

Hardin J.:
 Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, MA, United States

Harnisch A.A.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States

Hatch P.:
 Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3N6, ON, Canada

Haungs A.:
 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, D-76021, Germany

Häußler J.:
 III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, D-52056, Germany

Helbing K.:
 Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, D-42119, Germany

Hellrung J.:
 Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, D-44780, Germany

Hermannsgabner J.:
 III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, D-52056, Germany

Heuermann L.:
 III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, D-52056, Germany

Heyer N.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala, SE-75120, Sweden

Hickford S.:
 Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, D-42119, Germany

Hidvegi A.:
 Oskar Klein Centre, Dept. of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-10691, Sweden

Hill C.:
 Department of Physics, The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan

Hill G.C.:
 Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia

Hoffman K.D.:
 Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States

Hori S.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

Hoshina K.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

 Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan

Hostert M.:
 Department of Physics, Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, MA, United States

Hou W.:
 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, D-76021, Germany

Huber T.:
 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, D-76021, Germany

Hultqvist K.:
 Oskar Klein Centre, Dept. of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-10691, Sweden

Hünnefeld M.:
 Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, D-44221, Germany

Hussain R.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

Hymon K.:
 Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, D-44221, Germany

Ishihara A.:
 Department of Physics, The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan

Iwakiri W.:
 Department of Physics, The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan

Jacquart M.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

Janik O.:
 Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, D-91058, Germany

Jansson M.:
 Oskar Klein Centre, Dept. of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-10691, Sweden

Japaridze G.S.:
 CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, 30314, GA, United States

Jeong M.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84112, UT, United States

Jin M.:
 Department of Physics, Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, MA, United States

Jones B.J.P.:
 Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Box 19059, Arlington, 76019, TX, United States

Kamp N.:
 Department of Physics, Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, MA, United States

Kang D.:
 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, D-76021, Germany

Kang W.:
 Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea

Kang X.:
 Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, United States

Kappes A.:
 Institut für Kernphysik, Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Münster, Münster, D-48149, Germany

Kappesser D.:
 Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, Mainz, D-55099, Germany

Kardum L.:
 Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, D-44221, Germany

Karg T.:
 Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Desy, Platanenallee 6, Zeuthen, D-15738, Germany

Karl M.:
 Physik-department, Technische Universitat München, Garching, D-85748, Germany

Karle A.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

Katil A.:
 Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada

Katz U.:
 Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, D-91058, Germany

Kauer M.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

Kelley J.L.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

Khanal M.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84112, UT, United States

Khatee Zathul A.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

Kheirandish A.:
 Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 89154, NV, United States

 Nevada Center for Astrophysics, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 89154, NV, United States

Kiryluk J.:
 Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794-3800, NY, United States

Klein S.R.:
 Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, CA, United States

 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, 94720, CA, United States

Kochocki A.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States

Koirala R.:
 Bartol Research Institute, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, 19716, DE, United States

Kolanoski H.:
 Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Berlin, D-12489, Germany

Kontrimas T.:
 Physik-department, Technische Universitat München, Garching, D-85748, Germany

Köpke L.:
 Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, Mainz, D-55099, Germany

Kopper C.:
 Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, D-91058, Germany

Koskinen D.J.:
 Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark

Koundal P.:
 Bartol Research Institute, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, 19716, DE, United States

Kovacevich M.:
 Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, United States

Kowalski M.:
 Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Desy, Platanenallee 6, Zeuthen, D-15738, Germany

 Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Berlin, D-12489, Germany

Kozynets T.:
 Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark

Krishnamoorthi J.:
 Department of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States

 Institute of Physics, Sachivalaya Marg, Sainik School Post, Bhubaneswar, 751005, India

Kruiswijk K.:
 Centre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology - CP3, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

Krupczak E.:
 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States

Kumar A.:
 Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Desy, Platanenallee 6, Zeuthen, D-15738, Germany

Kun E.:
 Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, D-44780, Germany

Kurahashi N.:
 Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, United States

Lad N.:
 Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Desy, Platanenallee 6, Zeuthen, D-15738, Germany

Lagunas Gualda C.:
 Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Desy, Platanenallee 6, Zeuthen, D-15738, Germany

Yu S.:
 Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, United States
ISSN: 0004637X
Editorial
UNIV CHICAGO PRESS, 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA, Estados Unidos America
Tipo de documento: Article
Volumen: 976 Número: 1
Páginas:
WOS Id: 001376825300001

MÉTRICAS