Fecal microbiota transplantation from protozoa-exposed donors downregulates immune response in a germ-free mouse model, its role in immune response and physiology of the intestine
Por:
Partida-Rodríguez O., Brown E.M., Woodward S.E., Cirstea M., Reynolds L.A., Petersen C., Vogt S.L., Peña-Díaz J., Thorson L., Arrieta M.-C., Hernández E.G., Rojas-Velázquez L., Moran P., Rivas E.G., Serrano-Vázquez A., Pérez-Juárez H., Torres J., Ximénez C., Finlay B.B.
Publicada:
1 ene 2024
Categoría:
Multidisciplinary
Resumen:
Intestinal parasites are part of the intestinal ecosystem and have been shown to establish close interactions with the intestinal microbiota. However, little is known about the influence of intestinal protozoa on the regulation of the immune response. In this study, we analyzed the regulation of the immune response of germ-free mice transplanted with fecal microbiota (FMT) from individuals with multiple parasitic protozoans (P) and non-parasitized individuals (NP). We determined the production of intestinal cytokines, the lymphocyte populations in both the colon and the spleen, and the genetic expression of markers of intestinal epithelial integrity. We observed a general downregulation of the intestinal immune response in mice receiving FMT-P. We found significantly lower intestinal production of the cytokines IL-6, TNF, IFN-?, MCP-1, IL-10, and IL-12 in the FMT-P. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the proportion of CD3+, CD4+, and Foxp3+ T regulatory cells (Treg) was observed in both, the colon and spleen with FMT-P in contrast to FMT-NP. We also found that in FMT-P mice there was a significant decrease in tjp1 expression in all three regions of the small intestine; ocln in the ileum; reg3? in the duodenum and relmß in both the duodenum and ileum. We also found an increase in colonic mucus layer thickness in mice colonized with FMT-P in contrast with FMT-NP. Finally, our results suggest that gut protozoa, such as Blastocystis hominis, Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana, Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar, Iodamoeba bütschlii, and Chilomastix mesnili consortia affect the immunoinflammatory state and induce functional changes in the intestine via the gut microbiota. Likewise, it allows us to establish an FMT model in germ-free mice as a viable alternative to explore the effects that exposure to intestinal parasites could have on the immune response in humans. © 2024 Partida-Rodríguez et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Filiaciones:
Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Hospital General de Mexico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico, Mexico
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
gold, All Open Access; Gold Open Access
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