Prevalence and metabolic risk factors of chronic kidney disease among a Mexican adult population: a cross-sectional study in primary healthcare medical units
Por:
Alvarez Paredes A.R., García A.G., Paredes M.A.A., Velázquez N., Bolaños D.C.O., Sandoval M.S.P., Gallardo J.M., Cortés G.M., Granados S.C.R., Morán M.F.R., Tripp J., Lopez Pineda A., Aguilar C.A.
Publicada:
1 ene 2024
Resumen:
Introduction. The intricate relationship between obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression underscores a significant public health challenge. Obesity is strongly linked to the onset of several health conditions, including arterial hypertension (AHTN), metabolic syndrome, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia. Understanding the connection between CKD and obesity is crucial for addressing their complex interplay in public health strategies. Objective. This research aimed to determine the prevalence of CKD in a population with high obesity rates and evaluate the associated metabolic risk factors. Material and Methods. In this cross-sectional study conducted from January 2017 to December 2019 we included 3,901 participants of both sexes aged =20 years who were selected from primary healthcare medical units of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) in Michoacan, Mexico. We measured the participants’ weight, height, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-c, LDL-c, and uric acid. We estimated the glomerular filtration rate using the Collaborative Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology (CKD-EPI) equation. Results. Among the population studied, 50.6% were women and 49.4% were men, with a mean age of 49 years (range: 23–90). The prevalence of CKD was 21.9%. Factors significantly associated with an increased risk of CKD included age =60 years (OR = 11.70, 95% CI [9.83–15.93]), overweight (OR = 4.19, 95% CI [2.88–6.11]), obesity (OR = 13.31, 95% CI [11.12–15.93]), abdominal obesity (OR = 9.25, 95% CI [7.13–11.99]), AHTN (OR = 20.63, 95% CI [17.02–25.02]), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (OR = 2.73, 95% CI [2.31–3.23]), type 2 diabetes (T2D) (OR = 14.30, 95% CI [11.14–18.37]), total cholesterol (TC) =200 mg/dL (OR = 6.04, 95% CI [5.11–7.14]), triglycerides (TG) =150 mg/dL (OR = 5.63, 95% CI 4.76-6.66), HDL-c <40 mg/dL (OR = 4.458, 95% CI [3.74–5.31]), LDL-c =130 mg/dL (OR = 6.06, 95% CI [5.12–7.18]), and serum uric acid levels =6 mg/dL in women and =7 mg/dL in men (OR = 8.18, 95% CI [6.92–9.68]), (p < 0.0001). These factors independently contribute to the development of CKD. Conclusions. This study underscores the intricate relationship between obesity and CKD, revealing a high prevalence of CKD. Obesity, including overweight, abdominal obesity, AHTN, IFG, T2D, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia emerged as significant metabolic risk factors for CKD. Early identification of these risk factors is crucial for effective intervention strategies. Public health policies should integrate both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to address obesity-related conditions and prevent kidney damage directly. Copyright 2024 Alvarez Paredes et al.
Filiaciones:
Alvarez Paredes A.R.:
Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas’’Dr. Ignacio Chávez’’, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
García A.G.:
Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
Paredes M.A.A.:
Unidad Médica de Atención Ambulatoria, Unidad de Medicina Familiar Núm. 75, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
Velázquez N.:
Unidad de Medicina Familiar Núm. 80, Instituto Mexicano del Seguo Social, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
Bolaños D.C.O.:
Unidad de Medicina Familiar Núm. 84, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
Sandoval M.S.P.:
Unidad de Medicina Familiar Núm. 82, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zamora, Michoacán, Mexico
Gallardo J.M.:
Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Nefrológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
Cortés G.M.:
Coordinación Auxiliar Médica de Investigación en Salud, Órgano de Operación Administrativa Desconcentrada, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
Granados S.C.R.:
Centro de investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencia y Tecnología, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
Morán M.F.R.:
Centro de investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencia y Tecnología, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
Amphora Health, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
Tripp J.:
Amphora Health, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
Lopez Pineda A.:
Amphora Health, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
Aguilar C.A.:
Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas’’Dr. Ignacio Chávez’’, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
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