Remarkable Phenotypic Virulence Factors of Microsporum canis and Their Associated Genes: A Systematic Review
Por:
Vite-Garín T., Estrada-Cruz N.A., Hernández-Castro R., Fuentes-Venado C.E., Zarate-Segura P.B., Frías-De-León M.G., Martínez-Castillo M., Martínez-Herrera E., Pinto-Almazán R.
Publicada:
1 ene 2024
Resumen:
Microsporum canis is a widely distributed dermatophyte, which is among the main etiological agents of dermatophytosis in humans and domestic animals. This fungus invades, colonizes and nourishes itself on the keratinized tissues of the host through various virulence factors. This review will bring together the known information about the mechanisms, enzymes and their associated genes relevant to the pathogenesis processes of the fungus and will provide an overview of those virulence factors that should be better studied to establish effective methods of prevention and control of the disease. Public databases using the MeSH terms “Microsporum canis”, “virulence factors” and each individual virulence factor were reviewed to enlist a series of articles, from where only original works in English and Spanish that included relevant information on the subject were selected. Out of the 147 articles obtained in the review, 46 were selected that reported virulence factors for M. canis in a period between 1988 and 2023. The rest of the articles were discarded because they did not contain information on the topic (67), some were written in different languages (3), and others were repeated in two or more databases (24) or were not original articles (7). The main virulence factors in M. canis are keratinases, fungilisins and subtilisins. However, less commonly reported are biofilms or dipeptidylpeptidases, among others, which have been little researched because they vary in expression or activity between strains and are not considered essential for the infection and survival of the fungus. Although it is known that they are truly involved in resistance, infection and metabolism, we recognize that their study could strengthen the knowledge of the pathogenesis of M. canis with the aim of achieving effective treatments, as well as the prevention and control of infection. © 2024 by the authors.
Filiaciones:
Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, 11340, Mexico
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autònoma de México, Investigaciòn Cientìfica, C.U., Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico
Servicio de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Hospital General de Zona No 197, Texcoco, 56108, Mexico
Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, 11340, Mexico
Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Pueblo de Zoquiapan, Ixtapaluca, 56530, Mexico
Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitalario Vithas, Madrid, 28043, Spain
Efficiency, Quality, and Costsin Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), Servizo Galego de Saúde-Universidade de Vigo (UVIGO), Vigo, 36213, Spain
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