Elevated Levels of Cytotoxicity, Cytokines, and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Mild Cases of COVID-19
Por:
Fernandez-Rojas, Miguel A., AVILA, GUILLERMINA, Romero-Valdovinos, Mirza, Plett-Torres, Tanya, Salazar, Ana Maria, Sordo, Monserrat, Chavez-Vargas, Mariana, Angeles, Cesar Josue Coeto, Cruz-Rivera, Mayra, Santiago-Olivares, Carlos, Hinojosa, Juan Pablo Ramirez, Maravilla, Pablo, FLISSER, ANA, Ostrosky-Wegman, Patricia, Mendlovic, Fela
Publicada:
1 oct 2023
Ahead of Print:
1 ago 2023
Resumen:
Current evidence shows higher production of cytokines and antibodies
against severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in severe
and critical cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in comparison
with patients with moderate or mild disease. A recent hypothesis
proposes an important role of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the
induction of the cytokine storm observed in some patients at later
stages of the disease. Interestingly, in this study, we report
significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)-1 & beta;, IL-6, MCP-1,
and IL-4 cytokines in mild COVID-19 patients versus severe cases, as
well as a high frequency of karyorrhexis (median [Me] = 364 vs. 20
cells) and karyolysis (Me = 266 vs. 52 cells) in the mucosal epithelial
cells of both groups of patients compared with uninfected individuals.
Although we observed higher levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG
antibodies in COVID-19 patients, IgM antibodies were significantly
higher only in mild cases, for the N and the S viral antigens. High
levels of IgG antibodies were observed in both mild and severe cases.
Our results showed elevated concentrations of proinflammatory and
anti-inflammatory cytokines in mild cases, which may reflect an active
innate immune response and could be related to the higher IgM and IgG
antibody levels found in those patients. In addition, we found that
SARS-CoV-2 infection induces cytotoxic damage in the oral mucosa,
highlighting the importance of studying the genotoxic and cytotoxic
events induced by infection and its role in the pathophysiology of
COVID-19.
Filiaciones:
Fernandez-Rojas, Miguel A.:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Mexico City, Mexico
AVILA, GUILLERMINA:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Mexico City, Mexico
Romero-Valdovinos, Mirza:
Hosp Gen Dr Manuel Gea Gonzalez, SSA, Calzada Tlalpan 4800,Col Secc 16, Mexico City, Mexico
Plett-Torres, Tanya:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med, Plan Estudios Combinados Med, Mexico City, Mexico
Salazar, Ana Maria:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Med Genom & Toxicol Ambiental, Inst Invest Biomed, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City, Mexico
Sordo, Monserrat:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Med Genom & Toxicol Ambiental, Inst Invest Biomed, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City, Mexico
Chavez-Vargas, Mariana:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Mexico City, Mexico
Angeles, Cesar Josue Coeto:
Hosp Gen Dr Manuel Gea Gonzalez, SSA, Calzada Tlalpan 4800,Col Secc 16, Mexico City, Mexico
Cruz-Rivera, Mayra:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Mexico City, Mexico
Santiago-Olivares, Carlos:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Mexico City, Mexico
Maravilla, Pablo:
Hosp Gen Dr Manuel Gea Gonzalez, SSA, Calzada Tlalpan 4800,Col Secc 16, Mexico City, Mexico
FLISSER, ANA:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Mexico City, Mexico
Ostrosky-Wegman, Patricia:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Med Genom & Toxicol Ambiental, Inst Invest Biomed, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City, Mexico
Mendlovic, Fela:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Mexico City, Mexico
Univ Anahuac Mexico Norte, Fac Ciencias Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
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