The floral biology and the role of staminal connective appendages during pollination of the endoparasite Bdallophytum americanum (Cytinaceae)
Por:
Rios-Carrasco, Sandra, Sanchez, Daniel, Ortega-Gonzalez, Pactli F., Gutierrez-Luna, Morayna F., Edday Farfan-Beltran, Manuel, Mandujano, Maria C., Vazquez-Santana, Sonia
Publicada:
1 sep 2023
Ahead of Print:
1 jun 2023
Categoría:
Plant science
Resumen:
Bdallophytum americanum (Cytinaceae) is an endoparasitic plant species,
meaning only the flowers emerge from the host during the reproductive
season. Reports on the pollination biology of this species state that
its primary pollinators are carrion flies attracted by the smell of the
flowers and nectar as a reward. However, the functional role of one of
the most outstanding attributes of B. americanum has been neglected.
These are the staminal appendages formed by the apical overgrowth of
connective tissue during anther development. To determine whether these
staminal appendages play a role in pollination, we monitored a
nectarless population of B. americanum. We described the inflorescence
emergence, floral movements, and pollination and performed field
experiments to test whether the absence of the staminal connective
appendages affected the visitation frequency. Male inflorescences emerge
early, and both male and female flowers open during the day and do not
close. Hoverflies are the most frequent visitors to both floral sexes
and carry the most pollen. Moreover, the movement of staminal appendages
matching the pollen viability changes is reported for the first time.
The staminal appendages are the structures where pollinators land before
foraging. The field experiments showed that the visitation frequency
decreased sharply without staminal appendages. As a landing platform,
the staminal connective appendages in B. americanum are crucial for
pollinator positioning and collecting viable pollen.
Filiaciones:
Rios-Carrasco, Sandra:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Posgrad Ciencias Biol, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol Comparada, Lab Desarrollo Plantas, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
Sanchez, Daniel:
Univ Guadalajara, Ctr Univ Ciencias Biol & Agr, Dept Bot & Zool, CONACYT,Lab Nacl Identificac & Caracterizac Veget, Zapopan 44171, Jalisco, Mexico
Ortega-Gonzalez, Pactli F.:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol Comparada, Lab Desarrollo Plantas, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
Gutierrez-Luna, Morayna F.:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol Comparada, Lab Desarrollo Plantas, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
Edday Farfan-Beltran, Manuel:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Posgrad Ciencias Biol, Inst Ecol, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
Mandujano, Maria C.:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Ecol Biodivers, Lab Genet & Ecol, Inst Ecol, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
Vazquez-Santana, Sonia:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol Comparada, Lab Desarrollo Plantas, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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