Environmental and Volcanic Implications of Volatile Output in the Atmosphere of Vulcano Island Detected Using SO2 Plume (2021-23)
Por:
Vita, Fabio, Schiavo, Benedetto, Inguaggiato, Claudio, Inguaggiato, Salvatore, Mazot, Agnes
Publicada:
1 jun 2023
Categoría:
Earth and planetary sciences (miscellaneous)
Resumen:
The volatiles released by the volcanic structures of the world
contribute to natural environmental pollution both during the passive
and active degassing stages. The Island of Vulcano is characterized by
solfataric degassing mainly localized in the summit part (Fossa crater)
and in the peripheral part in the Levante Bay. The normal solfataric
degassing (high-temperature fumarolic area of the summit and boiling
fluids emitted in the Levante Bay area), established after the last
explosive eruption of 1888-90, is periodically interrupted by
geochemical crises characterized by anomalous degassing that are
attributable to increased volcanic inputs, which determine a sharp
increase in the degassing rate. In this work, we have used the data
acquired from the INGV (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia)
geochemical monitoring networks to identify, evaluate, and monitor the
geochemical variations of the extensive parameters, such as the SO2 flux
from the volcanic plume (solfataric cloud) and the CO2 flux from the
soil in the summit area outside the fumaroles areas. The increase in the
flux of volatiles started in June-July 2021 and reached its maximum in
November of the same year. In particular, the mean monthly flux of SO2
plume of 22 tons day(-1) (t d(-1)) and of CO2 from the soil of 1570
grams per square meter per day (g m(2) d(-1)) increased during this
event up to 89 t d(-1) and 11,596 g m(2) d(-1), respectively, in
November 2021. The average annual baseline value of SO2 output was
estimated at 7700 t d(-1) during normal solfataric activity. Instead,
this outgassing increased to 18,000 and 24,000 t d(-1) in 2021 and 2022,
respectively, indicating that the system is still in an anomalous phase
of outgassing and shows no signs of returning to the pre-crisis baseline
values. In fact, in the first quarter of 2023, the SO2 output shows
average values comparable to those emitted in 2022. Finally, the
dispersion maps of SO2 on the island of Vulcano have been produced and
have indicated that the areas close to the fumarolic source are
characterized by concentrations of SO2 in the atmosphere higher than
those permitted by European legislation (40 & mu;g m(-3) for 24 h of
exposition) on human health.
Filiaciones:
Vita, Fabio:
Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, I-90146 Palermo, Italy
Schiavo, Benedetto:
Univ Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
Inguaggiato, Claudio:
Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada Baja Califo, Dept Geol, Ensenada 22860, Mexico
Inguaggiato, Salvatore:
Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, I-90146 Palermo, Italy
Mazot, Agnes:
GNS Sci Wairakei Res Ctr, 114 Karetoto Rd,Private Bag 2000, Wairakei 3352, Taupo, New Zealand
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