Candida infective endocarditis: An observational cohort study with a focus on therapy


Por: Arnold C.J., Johnson M., Bayer A.S., Bradley S., Giannitsioti E., Miró J.M., Tornos P., Tattevin P., Strahilevitz J., Spelman D., Athan E., Nacinovich F., Lamas C., Barsic B., Fernández-Hidalgo N., Muñoz P., Chu V.H., Clara L., Sanchez M., Casabé J., Cortes C., Oses P.F., Ronderos R., Sucari A., Thierer J., Altclas J., Kogan S., Harris O., Kennedy K., Tan R., Gordon D., Papanicolas L., Korman T., Kotsanas D., Dever R., Jones P., Konecny P., Lawrence R., Rees D., Ryan S., Feneley M.P., Harkness J., Post J., Reinbott P., Gattringer R., Wiesbauer F., Andrade A.R., De Brito A.C.P., Guimarães A.C., Grinberg M., Mansur A.J., Siciliano R.F., Strabelli T.M.V., Vieira M.L.C., De Medeiros Tranchesi R.A., Paiva M.G., Fortes C.Q., De Oliveira Ramos A., Weksler C., Ferraiuoli G., Golebiovski W., Karlowsky J.A., Keynan Y., Morris A.M., Rubinstein E., Jones S.B., Garcia P., Cereceda M., Fica A., Mella R.M., Fernandez R., Franco L., Gonzalez J., Jaramillo A.N., Bukovski S., Krajinovic V., Pangercic A., Rudez I., Vincelj J., Freiberger T., Pol J., Zaloudikova B., Ashour Z., Kholy A.E., Mishaal M., Osama D., Rizk H., Aissa N., Alauzet C., Alla F., Campagnac C., Doco-Lecompte T., Selton-Suty C., Casalta J.-P., Fournier P.-E., Habib G., Raoult D., Thuny F., Delahaye F., Delahaye A., Vandenesch F., Donal E., Donnio P.Y., Flecher E., Michelet C., Revest M., Chevalier F., Jeu A., Rémadi J.P., Rusinaru D., Tribouilloy C., Bernard Y., Chirouze C., Hoen B., Leroy J., Plesiat P., Naber C., Neuerburg C., Mazaheri B., Helen G., Sofia A., Ioannis D., Thomas T., Mylona E., Paniara O., Papanicolaou K., Pyros J., Skoutelis A., Sharma G., Francis J., Nair L., Thomas V., Venugopal K., Hannan M.M., Hurley J.P., Cahan A., Gilon D., Israel S., Korem M., Durante-Mangoni E., Mattucci I., Pinto D., Agrusta F., Senese A., Ragone E., Utili R., Cecchi E., De Rosa F., Forno D., Imazio M., Trinchero R., Grossi P., Lattanzio M., Toniolo A., Goglio A., Raglio A., Ravasio V., Rizzi M., Suter F., Carosi G., Magri S., Signorini L., Kanafani Z., Kanj S.S., Sharif-Yakan A., Abidin I., Tamin S.S., Martínez E.R., Nieto G.I.S., Van Der Meer J.T.M., Chambers S., Holland D., Morris A., Raymond N., Read K., Murdoch D.R., Dragulescu S., Ionac A., Mornos C., Butkevich O.M., Chipigina N., Kirill O., Vadim K., Vinogradova T., Edathodu J., Halim M., Liew Y.-Y., Tan R.-S., Lejko-Zupanc T., Logar M., Mueller-Premru M., Commerford P., Commerford A., Deetlefs E., Hansa C., Ntsekhe M., Almela M., Armero Y., Azqueta M., Castañeda X., Cervera C., Falces C., Garcia-De-La-Maria C., Fita G., Gatell J.M., Heras M., Llopis J., Marco F., Mestres C.A., Moreno A., Ninot S., Paré C., Pericas J.M., Ramirez J., Rovira I., Sitges M., Anguera I., Font B., Guma J.R., Bermejo J., Bouza E., Leoni M.E.G., Robles J.A.G., Ramallo V.G., Cruz A.F., Kestler M., Marín M., Sellés M.M., Abella H.R., Roda J.R., López R.A., Pinilla B., Pinto A., Valerio M., Vázquez P., Verde E., Almirante B., De Alarcón A., Parra R., Alestig E., Johansson M., Olaison L., Snygg-Martin U., Pachirat O., Pachirat P., Pussadhamma B., Senthong V., Casey A., Elliott T., Lambert P., Watkin R., Eyton C., Klein J.L., Kauffman C., Bedimo R., Corey G.R., Crowley A.L., Douglas P., Drew L., Fowler V.G., Jr., Holland T., Lalani T., Mudrick D., Samad Z., Sexton D., Stryjewski M., Wang A., Woods C.W., Lerakis S., Cantey R., Steed L., Wray D., Dickerman S.A., Bonilla H., DiPersio J., Salstrom S.-J., Baddley J., Patel M., Peterson G., Stancoven A., Levine D., Riddle J., Rybak M., Cabell C.H., Baloch K., Dixon C.C., Harding T., Jones-Richmond M., Park L.P., Sanderford B., Stafford J., Anstrom K., Karchmer A.W., Sexton D.J., Durack D.T., Eykyn S., Moreillon P., Sexton. D.J.

Publicada: 1 ene 2015
Resumen:
Candida infective endocarditis is a rare disease with a high mortality rate. Our understanding of this infection is derived from case series, case reports, and small prospective cohorts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical features and use of different antifungal treatment regimens for Candida infective endocarditis. This prospective cohort study was based on 70 cases of Candida infective endocarditis from the International Collaboration on Endocarditis (ICE)-Prospective Cohort Study and ICE-Plus databases collected between 2000 and 2010. The majority of infections were acquired nosocomially (67%). Congestive heart failure (24%), prosthetic heart valve (46%), and previous infective endocarditis (26%) were common comorbidities. Overall mortality was high, with 36% mortality in the hospital and 59% at 1 year. On univariate analysis, older age, heart failure at baseline, persistent candidemia, nosocomial acquisition, heart failure as a complication, and intracardiac abscess were associated with higher mortality. Mortality was not affected by use of surgical therapy or choice of antifungal agent. A subgroup analysis was performed on 33 patients for whom specific antifungal therapy information was available. In this subgroup, 11 patients received amphotericin B-based therapy and 14 received echinocandin-based therapy. Despite a higher percentage of older patients and nosocomial infection in the echinocandin group, mortality rates were similar between the two groups. In conclusion, Candida infective endocarditis is associated with a high mortality rate that was not impacted by choice of antifungal therapy or by adjunctive surgical intervention. Additionally, echinocandin therapy was as effective as amphotericin B-based therapy in the small subgroup analysis. Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology.

Filiaciones:
Arnold C.J.:
 Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States

Johnson M.:
 Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States

Bayer A.S.:
 Harbor-UCLA, Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States

 ICE Publications Committee, United States

 ICE Steering Committee, United States

Bradley S.:
 VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States

 Ann Arbor VA Medical Center, United States

Giannitsioti E.:
 Attikon University, General Hospital, Athens, Greece

Miró J.M.:
 Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

 ICE Publications Committee, United States

 ICE Steering Committee, United States

Tornos P.:
 Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Tattevin P.:
 Pontchaillou University, Rennes, France

Strahilevitz J.:
 Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel

 Tel Aviv University, School of Medicine, Israel

Spelman D.:
 Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

Athan E.:
 Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia

 ICE Publications Committee, United States

Nacinovich F.:
 Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Lamas C.:
 Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia and Unigranrio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Barsic B.:
 University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia

Fernández-Hidalgo N.:
 Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Muñoz P.:
 Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain

Chu V.H.:
 Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States

 ICE Coordinating Center, United States

 ICE Publications Committee, United States

 ICE Steering Committee, United States

Clara L.:
 Hospital Italiano, Argentina

Sanchez M.:
 Hospital Italiano, Argentina

Casabé J.:
 Hospital Universitario, Fundaciòn Favaloro, Argentina

Cortes C.:
 Hospital Universitario, Fundaciòn Favaloro, Argentina

Oses P.F.:
 Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Ronderos R.:
 Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Sucari A.:
 Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Thierer J.:
 Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Altclas J.:
 Sanatorio de la Trinidad Mitre, Argentina

Kogan S.:
 Sanatorio de la Trinidad Mitre, Argentina

Harris O.:
 Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia

Kennedy K.:
 Canberra Hospital, Australia

Tan R.:
 Canberra Hospital, Australia

Gordon D.:
 Flinders Medical Centre, Australia

Papanicolas L.:
 Flinders Medical Centre, Australia

Korman T.:
 Southern Health, Australia

Kotsanas D.:
 Southern Health, Australia

Dever R.:
 St. George Hospital, Australia

Jones P.:
 St. George Hospital, Australia

 St. Vincent's, Australia

 Sutherland, Australia

 University of New South Wales, Australia

Konecny P.:
 St. George Hospital, Australia

Lawrence R.:
 St. George Hospital, Australia

Rees D.:
 St. George Hospital, Australia

Ryan S.:
 St. George Hospital, Australia

 St. Vincent's, Australia

 Sutherland, Australia

 University of New South Wales, Australia

Feneley M.P.:
 St. Vincent's, Australia

Harkness J.:
 St. Vincent's, Australia

Post J.:
 University of New South Wales, Australia

Reinbott P.:
 University of New South Wales, Australia

Gattringer R.:
 Vienna General Hospital, Austria

Wiesbauer F.:
 Vienna General Hospital, Austria

Andrade A.R.:
 Ana Neri Hospital, Brazil

De Brito A.C.P.:
 Ana Neri Hospital, Brazil

Guimarães A.C.:
 Ana Neri Hospital, Brazil

Grinberg M.:
 Heart Institute (Incor), University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, Brazil

Mansur A.J.:
 Heart Institute (Incor), University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, Brazil

Siciliano R.F.:
 Heart Institute (Incor), University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, Brazil

Strabelli T.M.V.:
 Heart Institute (Incor), University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, Brazil

Vieira M.L.C.:
 Heart Institute (Incor), University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, Brazil

De Medeiros Tranchesi R.A.:
 Hospital 9 de Julho, Brazil

Paiva M.G.:
 Hospital 9 de Julho, Brazil

Fortes C.Q.:
 Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

De Oliveira Ramos A.:
 Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, Brazil

Weksler C.:
 Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia and Unigranrio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Ferraiuoli G.:
 Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia and Unigranrio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Golebiovski W.:
 Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia and Unigranrio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Karlowsky J.A.:
 University of Manitoba, Canada

Keynan Y.:
 University of Manitoba, Canada

Morris A.M.:
 University of Manitoba, Canada

Rubinstein E.:
 University of Manitoba, Canada

 Tel Aviv University, School of Medicine, Israel

 ICE Steering Committee, United States

Jones S.B.:
 Hospital Clínico, Pont. Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile

Garcia P.:
 Hospital Clínico, Pont. Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile

Cereceda M.:
 Hospital Clinico, Universidad de Chile, Chile

Fica A.:
 Hospital Clinico, Universidad de Chile, Chile

Mella R.M.:
 Hospital Clinico, Universidad de Chile, Chile

Fernandez R.:
 Clinica Cardiovascular Medellín, Colombia

Franco L.:
 Clinica Cardiovascular Medellín, Colombia

Gonzalez J.:
 Clinica Cardiovascular Medellín, Colombia

Jaramillo A.N.:
 Clinica Cardiovascular Medellín, Colombia

Bukovski S.:
 University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia

Krajinovic V.:
 University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia

Pangercic A.:
 University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia

Rudez I.:
 University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia

Vincelj J.:
 University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia

Freiberger T.:
 Ceitec, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic

Pol J.:
 Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, Czech Republic

Zaloudikova B.:
 Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, Czech Republic

Ashour Z.:
 Cairo University, Medical School, Egypt

Kholy A.E.:
 Cairo University, Medical School, Egypt

Mishaal M.:
 Cairo University, Medical School, Egypt

Osama D.:
 Cairo University, Medical School, Egypt

Rizk H.:
 Cairo University, Medical School, Egypt

Aissa N.:
 CHU Nancy-Brabois, France

Alauzet C.:
 CHU Nancy-Brabois, France

Alla F.:
 CHU Nancy-Brabois, France

Campagnac C.:
 CHU Nancy-Brabois, France

Doco-Lecompte T.:
 CHU Nancy-Brabois, France

Selton-Suty C.:
 CHU Nancy-Brabois, France

Casalta J.-P.:
 Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, France

Fournier P.-E.:
 Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, France

Habib G.:
 Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, France

Raoult D.:
 Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, France

 ICE Steering Committee, United States

Thuny F.:
 Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, France

Delahaye F.:
 Hospital Louis Pradel, France

Delahaye A.:
 Hospital Louis Pradel, France

Vandenesch F.:
 Hospital Louis Pradel, France

Donal E.:
 Pontchaillou University, Rennes, France

Donnio P.Y.:
 Pontchaillou University, Rennes, France

Flecher E.:
 Pontchaillou University, Rennes, France

Michelet C.:
 Pontchaillou University, Rennes, France

Revest M.:
 Pontchaillou University, Rennes, France

Chevalier F.:
 South Hospital Amiens, France

Jeu A.:
 South Hospital Amiens, France

Rémadi J.P.:
 South Hospital Amiens, France

Rusinaru D.:
 South Hospital Amiens, France

Tribouilloy C.:
 South Hospital Amiens, France

Bernard Y.:
 University Medical Center of Besançon, France

Chirouze C.:
 University Medical Center of Besançon, France

Hoen B.:
 University Medical Center of Besançon, France

 ICE Publications Committee, United States

 ICE Steering Committee, United States

Leroy J.:
 University Medical Center of Besançon, France

Plesiat P.:
 University Medical Center of Besançon, France

Naber C.:
 Universitaetskliniken Bergmannsheil Bochum, Germany

 University Essen, Germany

Neuerburg C.:
 Universitaetskliniken Bergmannsheil Bochum, Germany

 University Essen, Germany

Mazaheri B.:
 University Essen, Germany

Helen G.:
 Attikon University, General Hospital, Athens, Greece

Sofia A.:
 Attikon University, General Hospital, Athens, Greece

Ioannis D.:
 Attikon University, General Hospital, Athens, Greece

Thomas T.:
 Attikon University, General Hospital, Athens, Greece

Mylona E.:
 Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Greece

Paniara O.:
 Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Greece

Papanicolaou K.:
 Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Greece

Pyros J.:
 Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Greece

Skoutelis A.:
 Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Greece

Sharma G.:
 All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India

Francis J.:
 Medical College Calicut, India

Nair L.:
 Medical College Calicut, India

Thomas V.:
 Medical College Calicut, India

Venugopal K.:
 Medical College Calicut, India

Hannan M.M.:
 Mater Hospitals, Ireland

Hurley J.P.:
 Mater Hospitals, Ireland

Cahan A.:
 Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel

Gilon D.:
 Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel

Israel S.:
 Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel

Korem M.:
 Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel

Durante-Mangoni E.:
 II Università di Napoli, Italy

Mattucci I.:
 II Università di Napoli, Italy

Pinto D.:
 II Università di Napoli, Italy

Agrusta F.:
 II Università di Napoli, Italy

Senese A.:
 II Università di Napoli, Italy

Ragone E.:
 II Università di Napoli, Italy

Utili R.:
 II Università di Napoli, Italy

Cecchi E.:
 Maria Vittoria Hospital, Italy

De Rosa F.:
 Maria Vittoria Hospital, Italy

Forno D.:
 Maria Vittoria Hospital, Italy

Imazio M.:
 Maria Vittoria Hospital, Italy

Trinchero R.:
 Maria Vittoria Hospital, Italy

Grossi P.:
 Ospedale di Circolo Varese, Italy

Lattanzio M.:
 Ospedale di Circolo Varese, Italy

Toniolo A.:
 Ospedale di Circolo Varese, Italy

Goglio A.:
 Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Italy

Raglio A.:
 Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Italy

Ravasio V.:
 Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Italy

Rizzi M.:
 Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Italy

Suter F.:
 Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Italy

Carosi G.:
 Spedali Civili, Università di Brescia, Italy

Magri S.:
 Spedali Civili, Università di Brescia, Italy

Signorini L.:
 Spedali Civili, Università di Brescia, Italy

Kanafani Z.:
 American University of Beirut, Medical Center, Lebanon

Kanj S.S.:
 American University of Beirut, Medical Center, Lebanon

Sharif-Yakan A.:
 American University of Beirut, Medical Center, Lebanon

Abidin I.:
 University of Malaya, Medical Center, Malaysia

Tamin S.S.:
 National Heart Institute, Malaysia

Martínez E.R.:
 Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico

Nieto G.I.S.:
 Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico

Van Der Meer J.T.M.:
 University of Amsterdam, Netherlands

Chambers S.:
 University of Otago, New Zealand

Holland D.:
 Middlemore Hospital, New Zealand

Morris A.:
 University of Manitoba, Canada

Raymond N.:
 Wellington Hospital, New Zealand

Read K.:
 North Shore Hospital, New Zealand

Murdoch D.R.:
 University of Otago, New Zealand

 ICE Publications Committee, United States

Dragulescu S.:
 Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania

Ionac A.:
 Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania

Mornos C.:
 Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania

Butkevich O.M.:
 Learning-Scientific Centre, Medical Centre of Russian Presidential Affairs, Government Medical Centre of Russian, Russian Federation

Chipigina N.:
 Russian Medical State University, Russian Federation

Kirill O.:
 Russian Medical State University, Russian Federation

Vadim K.:
 Russian Medical State University, Russian Federation

Vinogradova T.:
 Russian Medical State University, Russian Federation

Edathodu J.:
 King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Research Center, Saudi Arabia

Halim M.:
 King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Research Center, Saudi Arabia

Liew Y.-Y.:
 National Heart Centre, Singapore

Tan R.-S.:
 National Heart Centre, Singapore

Lejko-Zupanc T.:
 Medical Center Ljublijana, Slovenia

Logar M.:
 Medical Center Ljublijana, Slovenia

Mueller-Premru M.:
 Medical Center Ljublijana, Slovenia

Commerford P.:
 University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa

Commerford A.:
 University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa

Deetlefs E.:
 University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa

Hansa C.:
 University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa

Ntsekhe M.:
 University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa

Almela M.:
 Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Armero Y.:
 Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Azqueta M.:
 Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Castañeda X.:
 Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Cervera C.:
 Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Falces C.:
 Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Garcia-De-La-Maria C.:
 Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Fita G.:
 Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Gatell J.M.:
 Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Heras M.:
 Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Llopis J.:
 Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Marco F.:
 Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Mestres C.A.:
 Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Moreno A.:
 Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Ninot S.:
 Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Paré C.:
 Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Pericas J.M.:
 Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Ramirez J.:
 Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Rovira I.:
 Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Sitges M.:
 Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Anguera I.:
 Hospitál de Sabadell, Spain

Font B.:
 Hospitál de Sabadell, Spain

Guma J.R.:
 Hospitál de Sabadell, Spain

Bermejo J.:
 Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain

Bouza E.:
 Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain

Leoni M.E.G.:
 Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain

Robles J.A.G.:
 Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain

Ramallo V.G.:
 Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain

Cruz A.F.:
 Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain

Kestler M.:
 Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain

Marín M.:
 Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain

Sellés M.M.:
 Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain

Abella H.R.:
 Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain

Roda J.R.:
 Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain

López R.A.:
 Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain

Pinilla B.:
 Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain

Pinto A.:
 Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain

Valerio M.:
 Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain

Vázquez P.:
 Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain

Verde E.:
 Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain

Almirante B.:
 Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

De Alarcón A.:
 Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío, Spain

Parra R.:
 Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío, Spain

Alestig E.:
 Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset/Östra, Sweden

Johansson M.:
 Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset/Östra, Sweden

Olaison L.:
 Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset/Östra, Sweden

 ICE Steering Committee, United States

Snygg-Martin U.:
 Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset/Östra, Sweden

Pachirat O.:
 Khon Kaen University, Thailand

Pachirat P.:
 Khon Kaen University, Thailand

Pussadhamma B.:
 Khon Kaen University, Thailand

Senthong V.:
 Khon Kaen University, Thailand

Casey A.:
 Queen Elizabeth Hospital, United Kingdom

Elliott T.:
 Queen Elizabeth Hospital, United Kingdom

Lambert P.:
 Queen Elizabeth Hospital, United Kingdom

Watkin R.:
 Queen Elizabeth Hospital, United Kingdom

Eyton C.:
 St. Thomas' Hospital, United Kingdom

Klein J.L.:
 St. Thomas' Hospital, United Kingdom

Kauffman C.:
 Ann Arbor VA Medical Center, United States

Bedimo R.:
 Dallas VA Medical Center, United States

Corey G.R.:
 Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States

 ICE Coordinating Center, United States

 ICE Publications Committee, United States

 ICE Steering Committee, United States

Crowley A.L.:
 Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States

Douglas P.:
 Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States

Drew L.:
 Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States

Fowler V.G.:
 Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States

 ICE Coordinating Center, United States

 ICE Publications Committee, United States

 ICE Steering Committee, United States

Jr.:
 Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States

 ICE Coordinating Center, United States

 ICE Publications Committee, United States

 ICE Steering Committee, United States

Holland T.:
 Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States

Lalani T.:
 Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States

Mudrick D.:
 Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States

Samad Z.:
 Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States

Sexton D.:
 Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States

Stryjewski M.:
 Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States

Wang A.:
 Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States

 ICE Publications Committee, United States

Woods C.W.:
 Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States

Lerakis S.:
 Emory University, United States

Cantey R.:
 Medical University of South Carolina, United States

Steed L.:
 Medical University of South Carolina, United States

Wray D.:
 Medical University of South Carolina, United States

Dickerman S.A.:
 New York University, Medical Center, United States

Bonilla H.:
 Summa Health System, United States

DiPersio J.:
 Summa Health System, United States

Salstrom S.-J.:
 Summa Health System, United States

Baddley J.:
 University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States

Patel M.:
 University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States

Peterson G.:
 UT-Southwestern Medical Center, United States

Stancoven A.:
 UT-Southwestern Medical Center, United States

Levine D.:
 Wayne State University, United States

Riddle J.:
 Wayne State University, United States

Rybak M.:
 Wayne State University, United States

Cabell C.H.:
 Quintiles, United States

 ICE Publications Committee, United States

 ICE Steering Committee, United States

Baloch K.:
 ICE Coordinating Center, United States

Dixon C.C.:
 ICE Coordinating Center, United States

Harding T.:
 ICE Coordinating Center, United States

Jones-Richmond M.:
 ICE Coordinating Center, United States

Park L.P.:
 ICE Coordinating Center, United States

Sanderford B.:
 ICE Coordinating Center, United States

Stafford J.:
 ICE Coordinating Center, United States

Anstrom K.:
 ICE Publications Committee, United States

Karchmer A.W.:
 ICE Publications Committee, United States

Sexton D.J.:
 ICE Publications Committee, United States

Durack D.T.:
 ICE Steering Committee, United States

Eykyn S.:
 ICE Steering Committee, United States

Moreillon P.:
 ICE Steering Committee, United States

Sexton. D.J.:
 ICE Steering Committee, United States
ISSN: 00664804
Editorial
American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA, Estados Unidos America
Tipo de documento: Article
Volumen: 59 Número: 4
Páginas: 2365-2373
WOS Id: 000354993700064
ID de PubMed: 25645855
imagen All Open Access; Green

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