A habitable fluvio-lacustrine environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale crater, Mars
Por:
Grotzinger J.P., Sumner D.Y., Kah L.C., Stack K., Gupta S., Edgar L., Rubin D., Lewis K., Schieber J., Mangold N., Milliken R., Conrad P.G., DesMarais D., Farmer J., Siebach K., Calef F., Hurowitz J., McLennan S.M., Ming D., Vaniman D., Crisp J., Vasavada A., Edgett K.S., Malin M., Blake D., Gellert R., Mahaffy P., Wiens R.C., Maurice S., Grant J.A., Wilson S., Anderson R.C., Beegle L., Arvidson R., Hallet B., Sletten R.S., Rice M., Bell J., III, Griffes J., Ehlmann B., Anderson R.B., Bristow T.F., Dietrich W.E., Dromart G., Eigenbrode J., Fraeman A., Hardgrove C., Herkenhoff K., Jandura L., Kocurek G., Lee S., Leshin L.A., Leveille R., Limonadi D., Maki J., McCloskey S., Meyer M., Minitti M., Newsom H., Oehler D., Okon A., Palucis M., Parker T., Rowland S., Schmidt M., Squyres S., Steele A., Stolper E., Summons R., Treiman A., Williams R., Yingst A., Kemppinen O., Bridges N., Johnson J.R., Cremers D., Godber A., Wadhwa M., Wellington D., McEwan I., Newman C., Richardson M., Charpentier A., Peret L., King P., Blank J., Weigle G., Li S., Robertson K., Sun V., Baker M., Edwards C., Farley K., Miller H., Newcombe M., Pilorget C., Brunet C., Hipkin V., Léveillé R., Marchand G., Sánchez P.S., Favot L., Cody G., Flückiger L., Lees D., Nefian A., Martin M., Gailhanou M., Westall F., Israël G., Agard C., Baroukh J., Donny C., Gaboriaud A., Guillemot P., Lafaille V., Lorigny E., Paillet A., Pérez R., Saccoccio M., Yana C., Armiens-Aparicio C., Rodríguez J.C., Blázquez I.C., Gómez F.G., Gómez-Elvira J., Hettrich S., Malvitte A.L., Jiménez M.M., Martínez-Frías J., Martín-Soler J., Martín-Torres F.J., Jurado A.M., Mora-Sotomayor L., Caro G.M., López S.N., Peinado-González V., Pla-García J., Manfredi J.A.R., Romeral-Planelló J.J., Fuentes S.A.S., Martinez E.S., Redondo J.T., Urqui-O’Callaghan R., Mier M.-P.Z., Chipera S., Lacour J.-L., Mauchien P., Sirven J.-B., Manning H., Fairén A., Hayes A., Joseph J., Sullivan R., Thomas P., Dupont A., Lundberg A., Melikechi N., Mezzacappa A., DeMarines J., Grinspoon D., Reitz G., Prats B., Atlaskin E., Genzer M., Harri A.-M., Haukka H., Kahanpää H., Kauhanen J., Paton M., Polkko J., Schmidt W., Siili T., Fabre C., Wray J., Wilhelm M.B., Poitrasson F., Patel K., Gorevan S., Indyk S., Paulsen G., Bish D., Gondet B., Langevin Y., Geffroy C., Baratoux D., Berger G., Cros A., d’Uston C., Forni O., Gasnault O., Lasue J., Lee Q.-M., Meslin P.-Y., Pallier E., Parot Y., Pinet P., Schröder S., Toplis M., Lewin É., Brunner W., Heydari E., Achilles C., Sutter B., Cabane M., Coscia D., Szopa C., Robert F., Sautter V., Le Mouélic S., Nachon M., Buch A., Stalport F., Coll P., François P., Raulin F., Teinturier S., Cameron J., Clegg S., Cousin A., DeLapp D., Dingler R., Jackson R.S., Johnstone S., Lanza N., Little C., Nelson T., Williams R.B., Jones A., Kirkland L., Baker B., Cantor B., Caplinger M., Davis S., Duston B., Fay D., Harker D., Herrera P., Jensen E., Kennedy M.R., Krezoski G., Krysak D., Lipkaman L., McCartney E., McNair S., Nixon B., Posiolova L., Ravine M., Salamon A., Saper L., Stoiber K., Supulver K., Van Beek J., Van Beek T., Zimdar R., French K.L., Iagnemma K., Miller K., Goesmann F., Goetz W., Hviid S., Johnson M., Lefavor M., Lyness E., Breves E., Dyar M.D., Fassett C., Edwards L., Haberle R., Hoehler T., Hollingsworth J., Kahre M., Keely L., McKay C., Bleacher L., Brinckerhoff W., Choi D., Dworkin J.P., Floyd M., Freissinet C., Garvin J., Glavin D., Harpold D., Martin D.K., McAdam A., Pavlov A., Raaen E., Smith M.D., Stern J., Tan F., Trainer M., Posner A., Voytek M., Aubrey A., Behar A., Blaney D., Brinza D., Christensen L., DeFlores L., Feldman J., Feldman S., Flesch G., Jun I., Keymeulen D., Mischna M., Morookian J.M., Pavri B., Schoppers M., Sengstacken A., Simmonds J.J., Spanovich N., de la Torre Juarez M., Webster C.R., Yen A., Archer P.D., Cucinotta F., Jones J.H., Morris R.V., Niles P., Rampe E., Nolan T., Fisk M., Radziemski L., Barraclough B., Bender S., Berman D., Dobrea E.N., Tokar R., Cleghorn T., Huntress W., Manhès G., Hudgins J., Olson T., Stewart N., Sarrazin P., Vicenzi E., Bullock M., Ehresmann B., Hamilton V., Hassler D., Peterson J., Rafkin S., Zeitlin C., Fedosov F., Golovin D., Karpushkina N., Kozyrev A., Litvak M., Malakhov A., Mitrofanov I., Mokrousov M., Nikiforov S., Prokhorov V., Sanin A., Tretyakov V., Varenikov A., Vostrukhin A., Kuzmin R., Clark B., Wolff M., Botta O., Drake D., Bean K., Lemmon M., Schwenzer S.P., Lee E.M., Sucharski R., de Pablo Hernández M.Á., Ávalos J.J.B., Ramos M., Kim M.-H., Malespin C., Plante I., Muller J.-P., Navarro-González R., Ewing R., Boynton W., Downs R., Fitzgibbon M., Harshman K., Morrison S., Kortmann O., Williams A., Lugmair G., Wilson M.A., Jakosky B., Balic-Zunic T., Frydenvang J., Jensen J.K., Kinch K., Koefoed A., Madsen M.B., Stipp S.L.S., Boyd N., Campbell J.L., Perrett G., Pradler I., VanBommel S., Jacob S., Owen T., Savijärvi H., Boehm E., Böttcher S., Burmeister S., Guo J., Köhler J., García C.M., Mueller-Mellin R., Wimmer-Schweingruber R., Bridges J.C., McConnochie T., Benna M., Franz H., Bower H., Brunner A., Blau H., Boucher T., Carmosino M., Atreya S., Elliott H., Halleaux D., Rennó N., Wong M., Pepin R., Elliott B., Spray J., Thompson L., Gordon S., Ollila A., Williams J., Vasconcelos P., Bentz J., Nealson K., Popa R., Moersch J., Tate C., Day M., Francis R., McCullough E., Cloutis E., ten Kate I.L., Scholes D., Slavney S., Stein T., Ward J., Berger J., Moores J.E.
Publicada:
1 ene 2014
Resumen:
The Curiosity rover discovered fine-grained sedimentary rocks, which are inferred to represent an ancient lake and preserve evidence of an environment that would have been suited to support a martian biosphere founded on chemolithoautotrophy. This aqueous environment was characterized by neutral pH, low salinity, and variable redox states of both iron and sulfur species. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorus were measured directly as key biogenic elements; by inference, phosphorus is assumed to have been available. The environment probably had a minimum duration of hundreds to tens of thousands of years. These results highlight the biological viability of fluvial-lacustrine environments in the post-Noachian history of Mars.
Filiaciones:
Grotzinger J.P.:
Division of Geologic and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
Sumner D.Y.:
Depart-ment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
Kah L.C.:
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
Stack K.:
Division of Geologic and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
Gupta S.:
Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
Edgar L.:
School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
Rubin D.:
U.S. Geological Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, United States
Lewis K.:
Department of Geoscience, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
Schieber J.:
Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
Mangold N.:
Laboratoire Planétologie et Géodynamique de Nantes (LPGN), CNRS UMR6112, Université de Nantes, Nantes, 44322, France
Milliken R.:
Depart-ment of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States
Conrad P.G.:
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States
DesMarais D.:
Department of Space Sciences, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States
Farmer J.:
School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
Siebach K.:
Division of Geologic and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
Calef F.:
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States
Hurowitz J.:
Department of Geosciences, State University of New York State at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794–2100, United States
McLennan S.M.:
Department of Geosciences, State University of New York State at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794–2100, United States
Ming D.:
Jacobs Technology, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, United States
Vaniman D.:
Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States
Crisp J.:
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States
Vasavada A.:
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States
Edgett K.S.:
Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
Malin M.:
Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
Blake D.:
Department of Space Sciences, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States
Gellert R.:
Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
Mahaffy P.:
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States
Wiens R.C.:
Space Remote Sensing, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, United States
Maurice S.:
Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, 31400, France
Grant J.A.:
Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, United States
Wilson S.:
Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, United States
Anderson R.C.:
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States
Beegle L.:
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States
Arvidson R.:
Depart-ment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
Hallet B.:
Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
Sletten R.S.:
Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
Rice M.:
Division of Geologic and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
Bell J.:
School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
III:
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States
Griffes J.:
Division of Geologic and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
Ehlmann B.:
Division of Geologic and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States
Anderson R.B.:
U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, United States
Bristow T.F.:
Department of Space Sciences, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States
Dietrich W.E.:
Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
Dromart G.:
Laboratoire de Geologié de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, 69364, France
Eigenbrode J.:
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States
Fraeman A.:
Depart-ment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
Hardgrove C.:
Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
Herkenhoff K.:
U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, United States
Jandura L.:
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States
Kocurek G.:
Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
Lee S.:
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States
Leshin L.A.:
School of Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States
Leveille R.:
Canadian Space Agency, St-Hubert, QC J3Y 8Y9, Canada
Limonadi D.:
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States
Maki J.:
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States
McCloskey S.:
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States
Meyer M.:
NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, United States
Minitti M.:
School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
Newsom H.:
Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
Oehler D.:
Jacobs Technology, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, United States
Okon A.:
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States
Palucis M.:
Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
Parker T.:
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States
Rowland S.:
Depart-ment of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
Schmidt M.:
Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
Squyres S.:
Depart-ment of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
Steele A.:
Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, United States
Stolper E.:
Division of Geologic and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
Summons R.:
Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
Treiman A.:
Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058, United States
Williams R.:
Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States
Yingst A.:
Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States
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