Environmental and societal factors associated with COVID-19-related death in people with rheumatic disease: an observational study


Por: Izadi Z., Gianfrancesco M.A., Schmajuk G., Jacobsohn L., Katz P., Rush S., Ja C., Taylor T., Shidara K., Danila M.I., Wysham K.D., Strangfeld A., Mateus E.F., Hyrich K.L., Gossec L., Carmona L., Lawson-Tovey S., Kearsley-Fleet L., Schaefer M., Al-Emadi S., Sparks J.A., Hsu T.Y.-T., Patel N.J., Wise L., Gilbert E., Duarte-García A., Valenzuela-Almada M.O., Ugarte-Gil M.F., Ljung L., Scirè C.A., Carrara G., Hachulla E., Richez C., Cacoub P., Thomas T., Santos M.J., Bernardes M., Hasseli R., Regierer A., Schulze-Koops H., Müller-Ladner U., Pons-Estel G., Tanten R., Nieto R.E., Pisoni C.N., Tissera Y.S., Xavier R., Lopes Marques C.D., Pileggi G.C.S., Robinson P.C., Machado P.M., Sirotich E., Liew J.W., Hausmann J.S., Sufka P., Grainger R., Bhana S., Gore-Massy M., Wallace Z.S., Yazdany J., Dahou B., Gómez G., Roberts K., Baez R.M., Castro Coello V.V., Haye Salinas M.J., Maldonado F.N., Reyes A.A., Alle G., Maldonado Ficco H., Nieto R., Gobbi C., Tissera Y., Pisoni C., Paula A., Albiero J.A., Schmid M.M., Cosatti M., Gamba M.J., Leandro C., Cusa M.A., German N., Bellomio V., Takashima L., Pera M., Cogo K., Gálvez Elkin M.S., Medina M.A., Savio V., Rojas Tessel R., Alamino R.P., Werner M.L., Ornella S., Casalla L., de la Vega M., Severina M., García M., Gonzalez Lucero L., Romeo C., Moyano S., Barbich T., Bertoli A., Baños A., Petruzzelli S., Matellan C., Conti S., Lazaro M.A., Rodriguez Gil G.F., Risueño F., Quaglia M.I., Scafati J., Cuchiaro N.L., Rebak J.E., Pineda S.I., Calvo M.E., Picco E., Yanzi J.G., Maid P., Guaglianone D., Morbiducci J.S., Porta S., Herscovich N., Velasco Zamora J.L., Kisluk B., Castaños Menescardi M.S., Gallo R., Martire M.V., Maldini C., Goizueta C., de la Vega Fernandez S.S., Aeschlimann C., Subils G., Rath E., Piette Y., Devinck M., Maeyaert B., Machado Ribeiro F., Euzebio Ribeiro S.L., Pinheiro M., Ibáñez S., Chassin Trubert A.-M., Dong L., Cajas L., Barešic M., Anic B., Culo M.-I., Pavelic T.A., Stranski K.K., Karanovic B., Vencovsky J., Píchová M., Filkova M., Hamoud H., Vassilopoulos D., Guzman Melgar G.M., So H., Király M., Vojdanian M., Balbir Gurman A., Abutiban F., Zepa J., Bulina I., Bukauskiene L., Zazueta Montiel B.E., Castillo Ortiz A.A., Zamora Tehozol E., Vega Morales D., Cervántes Rosete D., Martín Nares E., Rodriguez Reyna T.S., Rull Gabayet M., Alpízar Rodríguez D., Irazoque F., Jimenez X., Geurts van Bon L., Zijlstra T., Hoekstra M., Al Adhoubi N., Salim B., Giraldo E., Salinas A., Ugarte Gil M., Nowakowski J., Conway R., Flood R., McCarthy G., Felea I., Filipescu I., Rednic S., Groseanu L., Tamas M.M., Mlynarikova V., Skamlova M., Zlnay M., Miceková D., Capova L., Macejova Z., Štenová E., Raffayova H., Belakova G., Strakova E., Sencarová M., Žlnayová S., Sabová A., Spisakova D., Oetterová M., Lukacova O., Bakosova M., Hocevar A., de la Torre Rubio N., Alegre Sancho J.J., Corteguera Coro M., Cobeta Garcia J.C., Torres Martin M.C., Campos J., Gomez Puerta J.A., Yardimci G.K., Akar S., Icacan O.C., ÇELIK S., Vasylets V., Yeoh S.-A., Vandevelde C., Dunt S., Leeder J., Macphie E., Salerno R., Graver C., Williams K., O'Reilly S., Devine K., Tyler J., Warner E., Pilcher J., Patel S., Nikiphorou E., Chadwick L., Jones C.M., Harrison B., Thornton L., O'Kane D., Fusi L., Low A., Horton S., Jatwani S., Baig S., Bajwa H., Berglund V., Dahle A., Dorman W., Hargrove J., Hilton M., Lebedoff N., Leonard S., Morgan J., Pfeifer E., Skemp A., Wilson J., Wolff A., Cepeda E., Todd D., Hare D., Calabrese C., Adams C., Khosroshahi A., Kilian A., White D., Winter M., Fields T., Siegel C., Daver N., Harvey M., Kramer N., Lamore C., Hogarty S., Yeter K., Siddique F., Ban B., Tanner T., Ruderman E., Davis W., Quinet R., Scopelitis E., Toribio K., Webb Detiege T., Zakem J., Abbass K., Kepecs G., Miranda L., Guma M., Haikal A., Mody S., Mueller D., Jayatilleke A., Zell J., Bays A., Dao K., Ezzati F., Parks D., Karp D., Quiceno G., COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Registry

Publicada: 1 ene 2022
Resumen:
Background: Differences in the distribution of individual-level clinical risk factors across regions do not fully explain the observed global disparities in COVID-19 outcomes. We aimed to investigate the associations between environmental and societal factors and country-level variations in mortality attributed to COVID-19 among people with rheumatic disease globally. Methods: In this observational study, we derived individual-level data on adults (aged 18–99 years) with rheumatic disease and a confirmed status of their highest COVID-19 severity level from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance (GRA) registry, collected between March 12, 2020, and Aug 27, 2021. Environmental and societal factors were obtained from publicly available sources. The primary endpoint was mortality attributed to COVID-19. We used a multivariable logistic regression to evaluate independent associations between environmental and societal factors and death, after controlling for individual-level risk factors. We used a series of nested mixed-effects models to establish whether environmental and societal factors sufficiently explained country-level variations in death. Findings: 14 044 patients from 23 countries were included in the analyses. 10 178 (72·5%) individuals were female and 3866 (27·5%) were male, with a mean age of 54·4 years (SD 15·6). Air pollution (odds ratio 1·10 per 10 µg/m3 [95% CI 1·01–1·17]; p=0·0105), proportion of the population aged 65 years or older (1·19 per 1% increase [1·10–1·30]; p<0·0001), and population mobility (1·03 per 1% increase in number of visits to grocery and pharmacy stores [1·02–1·05]; p<0·0001 and 1·02 per 1% increase in number of visits to workplaces [1·00–1·03]; p=0·032) were independently associated with higher odds of mortality. Number of hospital beds (0·94 per 1-unit increase per 1000 people [0·88–1·00]; p=0·046), human development index (0·65 per 0·1-unit increase [0·44–0·96]; p=0·032), government response stringency (0·83 per 10-unit increase in containment index [0·74–0·93]; p=0·0018), as well as follow-up time (0·78 per month [0·69–0·88]; p<0·0001) were independently associated with lower odds of mortality. These factors sufficiently explained country-level variations in death attributable to COVID-19 (intraclass correlation coefficient 1·2% [0·1–9·5]; p=0·14). Interpretation: Our findings highlight the importance of environmental and societal factors as potential explanations of the observed regional disparities in COVID-19 outcomes among people with rheumatic disease and lay foundation for a new research agenda to address these disparities. Funding: American College of Rheumatology and European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

Filiaciones:
Izadi Z.:
 Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States

Gianfrancesco M.A.:
 Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States

Schmajuk G.:
 Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States

 San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States

Jacobsohn L.:
 Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States

Katz P.:
 Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States

Rush S.:
 Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States

Ja C.:
 Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States

Taylor T.:
 Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States

Shidara K.:
 Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States

Danila M.I.:
 Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States

Wysham K.D.:
 VA Puget Sound Health Care System and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States

Strangfeld A.:
 German Rheumatism Research Center, Epidemiology and Health Care Research, Berlin, Germany

Mateus E.F.:
 Portuguese League Against Rheumatic Diseases, Lisbon, Portugal

Hyrich K.L.:
 Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

 National Institute of Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester–NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom

Gossec L.:
 INSERM, Sorbonne Universites, Groupe Hopital Universitaire Pitie Salpetriere, AP-HP, Paris, France

 Rheumatology Department, Sorbonne Universites, Groupe Hopital Universitaire Pitie Salpetriere, AP-HP, Paris, France

Carmona L.:
 Instituto de Salud Musculoesquelética, Madrid, Spain

Lawson-Tovey S.:
 Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

 Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

 National Institute of Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester–NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom

Kearsley-Fleet L.:
 Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Schaefer M.:
 German Rheumatism Research Center, Epidemiology and Health Care Research, Berlin, Germany

Al-Emadi S.:
 Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar

Sparks J.A.:
 Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States

Hsu T.Y.-T.:
 Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States

Patel N.J.:
 Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States

Wise L.:
 University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States

Gilbert E.:
 Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States

Duarte-García A.:
 Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States

 Robert D and Patricia E Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States

Valenzuela-Almada M.O.:
 Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States

Ugarte-Gil M.F.:
 School of Medicine, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru

 Rheumatology Department, Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Peru

Ljung L.:
 Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine and Department of Rheumatology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

 Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Scirè C.A.:
 Epidemiology Research Unit, Italian Society for Rheumatology, Milan, Italy

Carrara G.:
 Epidemiology Research Unit, Italian Society for Rheumatology, Milan, Italy

Hachulla E.:
 INSERM, CHU Lille, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Centre de référence des maladies autoimmunes systémiques rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France, U1286–INFINITE–Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Université de Lille, Lille, France

Richez C.:
 Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeux, France

 UMR-CNRS 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France

Cacoub P.:
 INSERM 959, Sorbonne Universites, Groupe Hopital Universitaire Pitie Salpetriere, AP-HP, Paris, France

Thomas T.:
 Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Sorbonne Universites, Groupe Hopital Universitaire Pitie Salpetriere, AP-HP, Paris, France

 Centre National de Références Maladies Autoimmunes systémiques rares, Sorbonne Universites, Groupe Hopital Universitaire Pitie Salpetriere, AP-HP, Paris, France

 Centre National de Références Maladies Autoinflammatoires et Amylose Inflammatoire, Sorbonne Universites, Groupe Hopital Universitaire Pitie Salpetriere, AP-HP, Paris, France

 Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department, Sorbonne Universites, Groupe Hopital Universitaire Pitie Salpetriere, AP-HP, Paris, France

 Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Nord, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Etienne, INSERM U1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne, France

Santos M.J.:
 Rheumatology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal

 Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade Medicina Lisboa, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

Bernardes M.:
 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

 Rheumatology Department, Centro Hospitalar–Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal

Hasseli R.:
 Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Germany

Regierer A.:
 German Rheumatism Research Center, Epidemiology and Health Care Research, Berlin, Germany

Schulze-Koops H.:
 Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany

Müller-Ladner U.:
 Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Germany

Pons-Estel G.:
 Argentine Society of Rheumatology, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Tanten R.:
 Hospital Francisco Lopez Lima, General Roca, Argentina

Nieto R.E.:
 Department of Rheumatology, Grupo Oroño-Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y Reumáticas, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina

Pisoni C.N.:
 Rheumatology and Immunology Section, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas “Norberto Quirno”, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Tissera Y.S.:
 Servicio de Clínica Médica, Unidad de Reumatología del Hospital Córdoba and Sanatorio Parque de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina

Xavier R.:
 Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

Lopes Marques C.D.:
 Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil

Pileggi G.C.S.:
 Hospital São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil

Robinson P.C.:
 University of Queensland Medical School, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

 Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Herston, QLD, Australia

Machado P.M.:
 University College London, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Northwick Park Hospital, London North-West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Sirotich E.:
 Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

 Canadian Arthritis Patient Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada

Liew J.W.:
 Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States

Hausmann J.S.:
 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States

 Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States

Sufka P.:
 HealthPartners, St Paul, MN, United States

Grainger R.:
 Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand

Bhana S.:
 Pfizer, New York, NY, United States

Gore-Massy M.:
 Affiliation Lupus Foundation of America, Washington, DC, United States

Wallace Z.S.:
 Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States

Yazdany J.:
 Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States

Nieto R.:
 Department of Rheumatology, Grupo Oroño-Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y Reumáticas, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina

Tissera Y.:
 Servicio de Clínica Médica, Unidad de Reumatología del Hospital Córdoba and Sanatorio Parque de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina

Pisoni C.:
 Rheumatology and Immunology Section, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas “Norberto Quirno”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
ISSN: 26659913
Editorial
Lancet Publishing Group, RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, Países Bajos
Tipo de documento: Article
Volumen: 4 Número: 9
Páginas: 603-613
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