Insights into the evolutionary and demographic history of the extant endemic rodents of the galápagos islands
Por:
Castañeda-Rico S., Johnson S.A., Clement S.A., Dowler R.C., Maldonado J.E., Edwards C.W.
Publicada:
1 ene 2019
Categoría:
Animal science and zoology
Resumen:
Evolutionary radiations stemming from colonization of archipelagos provide valuable insights into mechanisms and modes of speciation. For this reason, the fauna inhabiting the Galápagos Islands has been the focus of numerous emblematic ecological and evolutionary studies. However, studies focused on rodents have been scarce. Rice rats radiated in situ into at least six endemic species: Aegialomys galapagoensis, Nesoryzomys narboroughi, N. swarthi, N. fernandinae, N. indefessus, and N. darwini. Only the first four species remain extant on the archipelago. These species are considered vulnerable, mainly due to human activities and invasive species. Despite their interesting evolutionary history, questions surrounding phylogenetic relationships, colonization events, genetic diversity and demography of populations remain unresolved. We used the D-loop region of mtDNA to infer phylogenetic relationships, colonization events, date divergences, and conduct population genetic analyses of the four extant endemic species inhabiting the Galápagos Islands. We found that all species were monophyletic. A. galapagoensis is sister to A. xanthaeolus from the continent, and both of them are the sister clade of the genus Nesoryzomys. Our results also showed that there were two colonization events to the islands. The first event was the arrival of the ancestor of Nesoryzomys during the Pliocene, when divergences between genera occurred. The second was Aegialomys during middle Pleistocene, when species diversification began. Populations on each island show high genetic diversity and most show signals of recent expansion. However, future studies are needed to accurately assess the conservation status of these populations. We suggest ongoing monitoring of these vulnerable endemic species, including ecological and population genetic studies. In addition, future studies using genome-wide molecular markers and additional species from the continent, as well as sampling extinct species from the islands, will improve our knowledge about the origin and relationships of the endemic rodents of the Galápagos Islands. © 2019 Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología.
Filiaciones:
Castañeda-Rico S.:
Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, 20008, United States
George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, United States
Smithsonian-Mason School of Conservation, Front Royal, VA 22630, United States
Johnson S.A.:
George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, United States
Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ), 12100 Park 35 Circle, Mail Code 148, Austin, TX 78753, United States
Clement S.A.:
Angelo State University, Department of Biology, San Angelo, TX 76909, United States
Dowler R.C.:
Angelo State University, Department of Biology, San Angelo, TX 76909, United States
Maldonado J.E.:
Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, 20008, United States
George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, United States
Edwards C.W.:
George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, United States
Smithsonian-Mason School of Conservation, Front Royal, VA 22630, United States
All Open Access; Gold
|