Assembly and development of large active calderas hosting geothermal systems: Insights from Los Humeros volcanic complex (Mexico)
Por:
Carrasco-Nunez, G., Cavazos-Alvarez, J., Davila-Harris, P., Bonini, M., Giordano, G., Corbo-Camargo, F., Hernandez, J., Lopez, P., Lucci, F.
Publicada:
1 dic 2022
Resumen:
Caldera volcanoes are complex geological systems that show, during and
after their formation, a wide variability in terms of eruptive styles,
magmatic and geochemical evolution, and volcanic structures. Los Humeros
Volcanic Complex (LHVC) is a key area where to study these factors. It
is located in the easternmost sector of the Trans -Mexican Volcanic Belt
and hosts an active geothermal system. LHVC exemplifies the complex
nature of calderas, recording periods of alternated effusive and
explosive eruptive phases, a heterogenous magmatic source, diverse
basaltic to rhyolitic products, and the overlapping of caldera collapse
events. This study provides an up-to-date interpretation of the caldera
framework. Our work is based on a detailed analysis of literature and
novel data aimed at the morpho-structural caldera configuration, and
supported by geophysical modeling, and petrology of the volcanic
products. The new results confirm a more complex evolution of LHVC
involving geometric con-figurations related to multiple caldera collapse
events producing both asymmetric trapdoor, and piecemeal styles. The
present configuration of the caldera framework involved the initial
formation (at 164 ka) of a large caldera (Los Humeros) of ca. 15-17 km
diam (shorter than previously reported), which was overlapped
asym-metrically by the younger (69 ka) and smaller (ca. 8.5-10 km diam)
Los Potreros caldera over the west side, as a result of multiple
sequential collapsing events. The final configuration of the caldera
rims (scarps) was promoted by incremental growth. A post-caldera
resurgence phase was induced by the injection of multiple shallow
in-trusions of silicic bodies, causing a more localized deformation of
the caldera floor. The Holocene volcanism records the recurrent
injection of compositionally distinct magma batches uprising from
different depths of the LHVC transcrustal magmatic plumbing system. This
latter indicates the transition from the caldera stage magmatic system
dominated by a single, large, and shallow magmatic body to a more
complex, polybaric post-caldera stage plumbing system, made up of a
lower crust mafic reservoir feeding smaller magma batches vertically
distributed in the whole crust. The integration of all the existing data
constitutes the archive to better understand how large active calderas
hosting exploitable geothermal systems assemble through time.
Filiaciones:
Carrasco-Nunez, G.:
Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus UNAM Juriquilla, Queretaro, 76100, Mexico
(Corresponding Author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Campus UNAM Juriquilla, Queretaro 76100, Mexico
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Campus UNAM Juriquilla, Queretaro 76100, Mexico
Cavazos-Alvarez, J.:
Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus UNAM Juriquilla, Queretaro, 76100, Mexico
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Campus UNAM Juriquilla, Queretaro 76100, Mexico
Davila-Harris, P.:
División de Geociencias Aplicadas, IPICYT, San Luis Potosí, 78216, Mexico
IPICYT, Div Geociencias Aplicadas, San Luis Potosi 78216, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
Bonini, M.:
Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Via G. La Pira 4, Firenze, 50121, Italy
Ist Geosci & Georisorse, Consiglio Nazl Ric CNR, Via G La Pira 4, I-50121 Florence, Italy
Giordano, G.:
Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Degli Studi Roma Tre, Largo S.L. Murialdo 1, Rome, 00146, Italy
Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Sci, Largo SL Murialdo 1, I-00146 Rome, Italy
Corbo-Camargo, F.:
Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus UNAM Juriquilla, Queretaro, 76100, Mexico
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Campus UNAM Juriquilla, Queretaro 76100, Mexico
Hernandez, J.:
Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus UNAM Juriquilla, Queretaro, 76100, Mexico
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Campus UNAM Juriquilla, Queretaro 76100, Mexico
Lopez, P.:
Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus UNAM Juriquilla, Queretaro, 76100, Mexico
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Campus UNAM Juriquilla, Queretaro 76100, Mexico
Lucci, F.:
Department of Earth and Geoenvironmental Sciences, University of Bari Via Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
Univ Bari, Dept Earth & Geoenvironm Sci, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
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