Lignin: composition, synthesis and evolution
Por:
Maceda, Agustin, Soto-Hernandez, Marcos, Pena-Valdivia, Cecilia B., Trejo, Carlos, Terrazas, Teresa
Publicada:
1 ene 2021
Categoría:
Forestry
Resumen:
Lignin is one of the main structures of the cell wall of plants and its
composition varies between taxonomic groups. The objective of this study
was to review the structure of lignin, the process of lignification and
the proposals of evolutionary patterns of its evolution. For this, the
existing literature was reviewed, each point was analyzed and explained
to finally propose an evolutionary hypothesis of the lignification
process in angiosperms. Lignin is composed of various monomers and
polymers, its biosynthesis occurs in plastids and endoplasmic reticulum,
to subsequently polymerize through different enzymatic groups in the
cell wall, where the cooperative lignification process occurs. During
the evolution of plants, the genetic and enzymatic systems for the
biosynthesis of lignin were developed. The two main types of lignin that
accumulate in the tracheary elements of plants are guayacil-type lignin
and syringyl/guayacil type lignin. The presence of syringyl in Isoetes,
Selaginella, Lycophyta and algae species due to evolutionary convergence
conferred resistance to pathogens and UV rays. The occurrence of
catalytically functional promiscuous enzymes led to the appearance of
lignin, suberine and cutin; in addition, the anatomical and chemical
diversification of the cell wall in angiosperms allowed their
distribution in different environmental conditions.
Filiaciones:
Maceda, Agustin:
Colegio Postgraduados Postgrad Ciencias Agr, Programa Bot, Texcoco, Mexico
Soto-Hernandez, Marcos:
Colegio Postgraduados Postgrad Ciencias Agr, Programa Bot, Texcoco, Mexico
Pena-Valdivia, Cecilia B.:
Colegio Postgraduados Postgrad Ciencias Agr, Programa Bot, Texcoco, Mexico
Trejo, Carlos:
Colegio Postgraduados Postgrad Ciencias Agr, Programa Bot, Texcoco, Mexico
Terrazas, Teresa:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Ciudad De Mexico, Mexico
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