Sex Dimorphic Responses of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis to Energy Demands and Stress
Por:
Parra-Montes De Oca, Marco Antonio, Sotelo-Rivera, Israim, Gutierrez-Mata, Angelica, Charli, Jean-Louis, Joseph-Bravo, Patricia
Publicada:
20 oct 2021
Categoría:
Endocrinology, diabetes and metabolism
Resumen:
The hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid-axis (HPT) is one of the main
neuroendocrine axes that control energy expenditure. The activity of
hypophysiotropic thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) neurons is
modulated by nutritional status, energy demands and stress, all of which
are sex dependent. Sex dimorphism has been associated with sex steroids
whose concentration vary along the life-span, but also to sex
chromosomes that define not only sexual characteristics but the
expression of relevant genes. In this review we describe sex differences
in basal HPT axis activity and in its response to stress and to
metabolic challenges in experimental animals at different stages of
development, as well as some of the limited information available on
humans. Literature review was accomplished by searching in Pubmed under
the following words: ``sex dimorphic'' or ``sex differences'' or
``female'' or ``women'' and ``thyrotropin'' or ``thyroid
hormones'' or ``deiodinases'' and ``energy homeostasis'' or
``stress''. The most representative articles were discussed, and to
reduce the number of references, selected reviews were cited.
Filiaciones:
Parra-Montes De Oca, Marco Antonio:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Genet Desarrollo & Fisiol Mol, Inst Biotecnol, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Sotelo-Rivera, Israim:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Genet Desarrollo & Fisiol Mol, Inst Biotecnol, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Gutierrez-Mata, Angelica:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Genet Desarrollo & Fisiol Mol, Inst Biotecnol, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Charli, Jean-Louis:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Genet Desarrollo & Fisiol Mol, Inst Biotecnol, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Joseph-Bravo, Patricia:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Genet Desarrollo & Fisiol Mol, Inst Biotecnol, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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