Emission Factors of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Oxidative Potential of Fine Particles Emitted from Crop Residues Burning
Por:
Santiago-De la Rosa, Naxieli, Mugica-Alvarez, Violeta, Gonzalez-Cardoso, Griselda, De Vizcaya-Ruiz, Andrea, Uribe-Ramirez, Marisela, Valle-Hernandez, Brenda L.
Publicada:
14 sep 2022
Ahead of Print:
1 may 2021
Resumen:
Mexico displays significant agricultural activity that, in notorious
instances unfolds closely associated with undesirable burning practices
of crop residues, which could rise climate change and cause adverse
effects to human health, due to emission of fine particles (PM2.5).
PM2.5 contain organic compounds such as quinones, soluble organic carbon
and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which can be associated to
carcinogenic and mutagenic diseases and in some cases to cellular
oxidative stress. Presently, we carried out simulation burning of crop
residues in an open burning to collect PM2.5 samples by an isokinetic
methodology (Method 201a of Environmental Protection Agency). The
NIOSH870 method was used to quantify organic carbon (OC) and elemental
carbon (EC) fractions. PAHs from PM2.5 were extracted and analyzed by
gas chromatography-mass spectrometry while the oxidative potential was
measured through the dithiothreitol (DTT) consumption and PM2.5
concentration. The results showed that OC fractions concentration are
associated with the modified combustion efficiency (MCE). The most
abundant fractions were OC1 and OC2. Emission factors of the sum of 18
PAHs (PAHs) showed a large variation between crops; from 0.49 mg
kg(-1)-fuel (for barley) to 9.16 mg kg(-1)-fuel (for cotton), then, a
single emission factor that includes the burning of all crop residues
should not be considered, since the emission factor varies according
with the type of biomass burned. Whereas PAHs of 4-6 rings (> 97%) were
the most abundant, the concentrations of carcinogenic and mutagenic PAHs
accounted for 60% of the sum of all PAHs concentrations. Some
diagnostic ratios were identified, but these varied between crops.
Burning of residues with low combustion efficiencies presented the
highest oxidative potential, such as cotton and sorghum. Oxidative
potential correlated with OC concentration, but not with PAHs,
suggesting the presence of other compounds.
Filiaciones:
Santiago-De la Rosa, Naxieli:
Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México, Mexico
Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
Mugica-Alvarez, Violeta:
Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México, Mexico
Gonzalez-Cardoso, Griselda:
Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México, Mexico
De Vizcaya-Ruiz, Andrea:
Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, Mexico
Uribe-Ramirez, Marisela:
Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, Mexico
Valle-Hernandez, Brenda L.:
Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México, Mexico
|