Variation of essential and non-essential trace elements in whale shark epidermis associated to two different feeding areas of the Gulf of California
Por:
Pancaldi, Francesca, Paez-Osuna, Federico, Marmolejo-Rodriguez, Ana Judith, Whitehead, Darren Andrew, Gonzalez-Armas, Rogelio, Soto-Jimenez, Martin Federico, O'Hara, Todd, Vazquez-Haikin, Abraham, Galvan-Magana, Felipe
Publicada:
1 jul 2021
Ahead of Print:
1 mar 2021
Resumen:
The Gulf of California represents an important hotspot for whale shark
(Rhincodon typus) aggregation. Anthropogenic activities and natural
sources could expose sharks to high levels of trace elements (TEs). To
determinate these levels in this endangered species, concentrations of
As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn (in ng/g ww) were measured in 130 whale shark skin
biopsies and 44 zooplankton samples collected from two areas of the Gulf
of California, Bahia de Los Angeles (BLA) and Bahia de La Paz (LAP)
during 2016-2018. For biopsies, Zn exhibited highest concentrations in
BLA (2016-2017, 298 +/- 406; 2017-2018, 1959 +/- 2545) and at LAP (in
2016-2017, 595 +/- 554; in 2017-2018, 2642 +/- 1261). On the other hand,
Cd (BLA 2016-2017, 3 +/- 3; LAP 2016-2017, 4 +/- 3; BLA 2017-2018, 17
+/- 14; LAP 2017-2018, 13 +/- 10) and Pb (BLA 2016-2017, 7 +/- 7; LAP
2016-2017, 15 +/- 32; BLA 2017-2018, 69 +/- 76; LAP 2017-2018, 7 +/- 5)
showed lowest concentrations. Significant differences in TE
concentrations between sites and periods occurred. Arsenic found in
shark biopsies from La Paz suggested enrichment and/or increased
bioavailability in this area. Sex alone was not a significant factor in
TE concentration; nevertheless, a sex-dependent difference in
correlation of TE concentration and size was noted (negative in males,
positive in females). This indicates feeding strategies of whale shark
may be sex and size segregated. During 2017-2018, zooplankton and sharks
showed enrichment in all TEs. Essential elements were not biomagnified
by sharks. Lead was biomagnified through zooplankton. Strong positive
correlation between selected elements indicates that Zn, Cd and Pb
follow the same metabolic route in the sharks' body.
Filiaciones:
Pancaldi, Francesca:
Galvan-Magana, F (Corresponding Author), Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, Ave IPN S-N, La Paz 23096, Bcs, Mexico. Pancaldi, Francesca
Paez-Osuna, Federico:
Galvan-Magana, F (Corresponding Author), Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, Ave IPN S-N, La Paz 23096, Bcs, Mexico. Pancaldi, Francesca
Marmolejo-Rodriguez, Ana Judith:
Galvan-Magana, F (Corresponding Author), Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, Ave IPN S-N, La Paz 23096, Bcs, Mexico. Pancaldi, Francesca
Whitehead, Darren Andrew:
Galvan-Magana, F (Corresponding Author), Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, Ave IPN S-N, La Paz 23096, Bcs, Mexico. Pancaldi, Francesca
Gonzalez-Armas, Rogelio:
Galvan-Magana, F (Corresponding Author), Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, Ave IPN S-N, La Paz 23096, Bcs, Mexico. Pancaldi, Francesca
Soto-Jimenez, Martin Federico:
Galvan-Magana, F (Corresponding Author), Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, Ave IPN S-N, La Paz 23096, Bcs, Mexico. Pancaldi, Francesca
O'Hara, Todd:
Galvan-Magana, F (Corresponding Author), Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, Ave IPN S-N, La Paz 23096, Bcs, Mexico. Pancaldi, Francesca
Vazquez-Haikin, Abraham:
Galvan-Magana, F (Corresponding Author), Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, Ave IPN S-N, La Paz 23096, Bcs, Mexico. Pancaldi, Francesca
Galvan-Magana, Felipe:
Galvan-Magana, F (Corresponding Author), Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, Ave IPN S-N, La Paz 23096, Bcs, Mexico. Pancaldi, Francesca
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