Synoptic analysis of a decade of daily measurements of SO2 emission in the troposphere from volcanoes of the global ground-based Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change
Por:
Arellano, Santiago, Galle, Bo, Apaza, Fredy, Avard, Geoffroy, Barrington, Charlotte, Bobrowski, Nicole, Bucarey, Claudia, Burbano, Viviana, Burton, Mike, Chacon, Zoraida, Chigna, Gustavo, Joseph Clarito C., Conde, Vladimir, Costa, Fidel, De Moor, Maarten, Delgado-Granados, Hugo, Di Muro, Andrea, Fernandez, Deborah, Garzon, Gustavo, Gunawan, Hendra, Haerani, Nia, Hansteen, Thor H., Hidalgo, Silvana, Inguaggiato, Salvatore, Johansson, Mattias, Kern, Christoph, Kihlman, Manne, Kowalski, Philippe, Masias, Pablo, Montalvo, Francisco, Möller J., Platt, Ulrich, Rivera, Claudia, Saballos, Armando, Salerno, Giuseppe, Taisne, Benoit, Vasconez, Freddy, Velasquez, Gabriela, Vita, Fabio, Yalire, Mathieu
Publicada:
22 mar 2021
Categoría:
Earth and planetary sciences (miscellaneous)
Resumen:
Volcanic plumes are common and far-reaching manifestations of volcanic
activity during and between eruptions. Observations of the rate of
emission and composition of volcanic plumes are essential to recognize
and, in some cases, predict the state of volcanic activity. Measurements
of the size and location of the plumes are important to assess the
impact of the emission from sporadic or localized events to persistent
or widespread processes of climatic and environmental importance. These
observations provide information on volatile budgets on Earth, chemical
evolution of magmas, and atmospheric circulation and dynamics.
Space-based observations during the last decades have given us a global
view of Earth's volcanic emission, particularly of sulfur dioxide (SO2).
Although none of the satellite missions were intended to be used for
measurement of volcanic gas emission, specially adapted algorithms have
produced time-averaged global emission budgets. These have confirmed
that tropospheric plumes, produced from persistent degassing of weak
sources, dominate the total emission of volcanic SO2. Although
space-based observations have provided this global insight into some
aspects of Earth's volcanism, it still has important limitations. The
magnitude and short-term variability of lower-atmosphere emissions,
historically less accessible from space, remain largely uncertain.
Operational monitoring of volcanic plumes, at scales relevant for
adequate surveillance, has been facilitated through the use of
ground-based scanning differential optical absorption spectrometer
(ScanDOAS) instruments since the beginning of this century, largely due
to the coordinated effort of the Network for Observation of Volcanic and
Atmospheric Change (NOVAC). In this study, we present a compilation of
results of homogenized post-analysis of measurements of SO2 flux and
plume parameters obtained during the period March 2005 to January 2017
of 32 volcanoes in NOVAC. This inventory opens a window into the
short-term emission patterns of a diverse set of volcanoes in terms of
magma composition, geographical location, magnitude of emission, and
style of eruptive activity. We find that passive volcanic degassing is
by no means a stationary process in time and that large sub-daily
variability is observed in the flux of volcanic gases, which has
implications for emission budgets produced using short-term, sporadic
observations. The use of a standard evaluation method allows for
intercomparison between different volcanoes and between ground- and
space-based measurements of the same volcanoes. The emission of several
weakly degassing volcanoes, undetected by satellites, is presented for
the first time. We also compare our results with those reported in the
literature, providing ranges of variability in emission not accessible
in the past. The open-access data repository introduced in this article
will enable further exploitation of this unique dataset, with a focus on
volcanological research, risk assessment, satellite-sensor validation,
and improved quantification of the prevalent tropospheric component of
global volcanic emission.
Filiaciones:
Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
Instituto Geológico, Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET), Arequipa, Peru
Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Costa Rica (OVSICORI), Heredia, Costa Rica
Earth Observatory of Singapore (EOS), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN), Temuco, Chile
Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC), Bogotá, Colombia
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Rome, Italy
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
Instituto Nacional de Sismología, Vulcanología, Meteorología e Hidrología (INSIVUMEH), Guatemala City, Guatemala
Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), Quezon City, Philippines
Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Paris, France
Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM), Bandung, Indonesia
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
Instituto Geofísico (IGEPN), Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
Volcano Disaster Assistance Program (VDAP), United States Geological Survey (USGS), Vancouver, WA, United States
Servicio Nacional de Estudios Territoriales (SNET), San Salvador, El Salvador
Möller Data Workflow Systems AB (MolFlow), Gothenburg, Sweden
Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (INETER), Managua, Nicaragua
Observatoire Volcanologique de Goma (OVG), Goma, Democratic Republic Congo
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