The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the international space station: Part II - Results from the first seven years


Por: Aguilar, M., Cavasonza, L. Ali, Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Barao, F., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Basegmez-du Pree, S., Bates, J., Battiston, R., Behlmann, M., Beischer, B., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindi, V, de Boer, W., Bollweg, K., Borgia, B., Boschini, Mj, Bourquin, M., Bueno, E. F., Burger, J., Burger, W. J., Burmeister, S., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chang, Y. H., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Chouridou, S., Choutko, V, Chung, C. H., Clark, C., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Dai, Y. M., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirkoz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Di Felice, V, Diaz, C., Dimiccoli, F., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V, Freeman, C., Galaktionov, Y., Gamez, C., Garcia-Lopez, R. J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gebauer, I, Gervasi, M., Giovacchini, F., Gomez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V, Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guo, K. H., Haino, S., Han, K. C., Hashmani, R. K., He, Z. H., Heber, B., Hsieh, T. H., Hu, J. Y., Huang, Z. C., Hungerford, W., Incagli, M., Jang, W. Y., Jia, Yi, Jinchi, H., Kanishev, K., Khiali, B., Kim, G. N., Kirn, Th, Konyushikhin, M., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V, Kuhlman, A., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Leluc, C., Li, J. Q., Li, M., Li, Q., Li, S., Li, T. X., Li, Z. H., Light, C., Lin, C. H., Lippert, T., Liu, Z., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, J. Z., Lyu, S. S., Machate, F., Mana, C., Marin, J., Marquardt, J., Martin, T., Martinez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mo, D. C., Molero, M., Mott, P., Mussolin, L., Ni, J. Q., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Paniccia, M., Pashnin, A., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Phan, H. D., Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M., Porter, S., Qi, X. M., Qin, X., Qu, Z. Y., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Conde, A. Reina, Rosier-Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., Schmidt, S. M., von Dratzig, A. Schulz, Schwering, G., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Shi, J. Y., Siedenburg, T., Solano, C., Song, J. W., Sonnabend, R., Sun, Q., Sun, Z. T., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tian, J., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Tuysuz, C., Urban, T., Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V., Vainio, R., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, S., Wang, X., Wang, Z. X., Wei, J., Weng, Z. L., Wu, H., Xiong, R. Q., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, Y., Yi, H., Yu, Y. J., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, F. Z., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, Z., Zhao, F., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A., Zimmermann, N., Zuccon, P., AMS Collaboration

Publicada: 7 feb 2021
Categoría: Physics and astronomy (miscellaneous)

Resumen:
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is a precision particle physics detector on the International Space Station (ISS) conducting a unique, long-duration mission of fundamental physics research in space. The physics objectives include the precise studies of the origin of dark matter, antimatter, and cosmic rays as well as the exploration of new phenomena. Following a 16-year period of construction and testing, and a precursor flight on the Space Shuttle, AMS was installed on the ISS on May 19, 2011. In this report we present results based on 120 billion charged cosmic ray events up to multiTeV energies. This includes the fluxes of positrons, electrons, antiprotons, protons, and nuclei. These results provide unexpected information, which cannot be explained by the current theoretical models. The accuracy and characteristics of the data, simultaneously from many different types of cosmic rays, provide unique input to the understanding of origins, acceleration, and propagation of cosmic rays. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Filiaciones:
Aguilar, M.:
 Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM, Madrid 28040, Spain

Cavasonza, L. Ali:
 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, JARA FAME, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

Ambrosi, G.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy

Arruda, L.:
 Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas LIP, P-1649003 Lisbon, Portugal

Attig, N.:
 Res Ctr Julich, Julich Supercomp Ctr, D-52425 Julich, Germany

 Res Ctr Julich, JARA FAME, D-52425 Julich, Germany

Barao, F.:
 Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas LIP, P-1649003 Lisbon, Portugal

Barrin, L.:
 European Org Nucl Res CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland

Bartoloni, A.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy

Basegmez-du Pree, S.:
 Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, POB 800, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands

 Nikhef, NL-1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands

Bates, J.:
 NASA, Johnson Space Ctr JSC, Houston, TX 77058 USA

Battiston, R.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy

 Univ Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy

Behlmann, M.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Beischer, B.:
 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, JARA FAME, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

Berdugo, J.:
 Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM, Madrid 28040, Spain

Bertucci, B.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy

 Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy

Bindi, V:
 Univ Hawaii, Phys & Astron Dept, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA

de Boer, W.:
 Karlsruhe Inst Technol KIT, Inst Expt Teilchenphys, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany

Bollweg, K.:
 NASA, Johnson Space Ctr JSC, Houston, TX 77058 USA

Borgia, B.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy

 Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy

Boschini, Mj:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy

Bourquin, M.:
 Univ Geneva, DPNC, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland

Bueno, E. F.:
 Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, POB 800, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands

Burger, J.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Burger, W. J.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy

Burmeister, S.:
 Christian Alberts Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Angew Phys, D-24118 Kiel, Germany

Cai, X. D.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Capell, M.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Casaus, J.:
 Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM, Madrid 28040, Spain

Castellini, G.:
 CNR IROE, I-50125 Florence, Italy

Cervelli, F.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy

Chang, Y. H.:
 Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan

 Natl Cent Univ NCU, Phys Dept, Taoyuan 32054, Taiwan

 Natl Cent Univ NCU, Ctr High Energy & High Field Phys, Taoyuan 32054, Taiwan

Chen, G. M.:
 Z

Chen, H. S.:
 Z

Chen, Y.:
 Univ Geneva, DPNC, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland

Cheng, L.:
 Shandong Inst Adv Technol SDIAT, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China

Chou, H. Y.:
 Natl Cent Univ NCU, Phys Dept, Taoyuan 32054, Taiwan

 Natl Cent Univ NCU, Ctr High Energy & High Field Phys, Taoyuan 32054, Taiwan

Chouridou, S.:
 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, JARA FAME, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

Choutko, V:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Chung, C. H.:
 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, JARA FAME, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

Clark, C.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

 NASA, Johnson Space Ctr JSC, Houston, TX 77058 USA

Coignet, G.:
 Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, LAPP IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France

Consolandi, C.:
 Univ Hawaii, Phys & Astron Dept, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA

Contin, A.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy

 Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy

Corti, C.:
 Univ Hawaii, Phys & Astron Dept, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA

Cui, Z.:
 Shandong Inst Adv Technol SDIAT, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China

 Shandong Univ SDU, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China

Dadzie, K.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Dai, Y. M.:
 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Elect Engn IEE, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China

Delgado, C.:
 Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM, Madrid 28040, Spain

Della Torre, S.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy

Demirkoz, M. B.:
 Middle East Tech Univ METU, Dept Phys, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey

Derome, L.:
 Univ Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, CNRS, LPSC IN2P3, F-38000 Grenoble, France

Di Falco, S.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy

Di Felice, V:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy

 ASI Space Sci Data Ctr SSDC, I-00133 Rome, Italy

Diaz, C.:
 Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM, Madrid 28040, Spain

Dimiccoli, F.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy

von Doetinchem, P.:
 Univ Hawaii, Phys & Astron Dept, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA

Dong, F.:
 Southeast Univ SEU, Nanjing 210096, Peoples R China

Donnini, F.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy

 ASI Space Sci Data Ctr SSDC, I-00133 Rome, Italy

Duranti, M.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy

Egorov, A.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Eline, A.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Feng, J.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Fiandrini, E.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy

 Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy

Fisher, P.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Formato, V:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy

 ASI Space Sci Data Ctr SSDC, I-00133 Rome, Italy

Freeman, C.:
 Univ Hawaii, Phys & Astron Dept, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA

Galaktionov, Y.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Gamez, C.:
 Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM, Madrid 28040, Spain

Garcia-Lopez, R. J.:
 Inst Astrofis Canarias IAC, San Cristobal la Laguna 38205, Spain

 Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, San Cristobal la Laguna 38206, Spain

Gargiulo, C.:
 European Org Nucl Res CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland

Gast, H.:
 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, JARA FAME, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

Gebauer, I:
 Karlsruhe Inst Technol KIT, Inst Expt Teilchenphys, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany

Gervasi, M.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy

 Univ Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy

Giovacchini, F.:
 Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM, Madrid 28040, Spain

Gomez-Coral, D. M.:
 Univ Hawaii, Phys & Astron Dept, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA

Gong, J.:
 Southeast Univ SEU, Nanjing 210096, Peoples R China

Goy, C.:
 Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, LAPP IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France

Grabski, V:
 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Ciudad De Mexico 01000, Mexico

Grandi, D.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy

 Univ Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy

Graziani, M.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy

 Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy

Guo, K. H.:
 Sun Yat Sen Univ SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China

Haino, S.:
 Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan

Han, K. C.:
 Natl Chung Shan Inst Sci & Technol NCSIST, Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan

Hashmani, R. K.:
 Middle East Tech Univ METU, Dept Phys, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey

He, Z. H.:
 Sun Yat Sen Univ SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China

Heber, B.:
 Christian Alberts Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Angew Phys, D-24118 Kiel, Germany

Hsieh, T. H.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Hu, J. Y.:
 Z

Huang, Z. C.:
 Sun Yat Sen Univ SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China

Hungerford, W.:
 NASA, Johnson Space Ctr JSC, Houston, TX 77058 USA

Incagli, M.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy

Jang, W. Y.:
 Kyungpook Natl Univ, CHEP, Daegu 41566, South Korea

Jia, Yi:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Jinchi, H.:
 Natl Chung Shan Inst Sci & Technol NCSIST, Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan

Kanishev, K.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy

Khiali, B.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy

 ASI Space Sci Data Ctr SSDC, I-00133 Rome, Italy

Kim, G. N.:
 Kyungpook Natl Univ, CHEP, Daegu 41566, South Korea

Kirn, Th:
 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, JARA FAME, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

Konyushikhin, M.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Kounina, O.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Kounine, A.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Koutsenko, V:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Kuhlman, A.:
 Univ Hawaii, Phys & Astron Dept, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA

Kulemzin, A.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

La Vacca, G.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy

 Univ Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy

Laudi, E.:
 European Org Nucl Res CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland

Laurenti, G.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy

Lazzizzera, I:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy

 Univ Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy

Lebedev, A.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Lee, H. T.:
 Acad Sinica Grid Ctr ASGC, Taipei 11529, Taiwan

Lee, S. C.:
 Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan

Leluc, C.:
 Univ Geneva, DPNC, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland

Li, J. Q.:
 Southeast Univ SEU, Nanjing 210096, Peoples R China

Li, M.:
 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, JARA FAME, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

Li, Q.:
 Southeast Univ SEU, Nanjing 210096, Peoples R China

Li, S.:
 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, JARA FAME, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

Li, T. X.:
 Sun Yat Sen Univ SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China

Li, Z. H.:
 Z

Light, C.:
 Univ Hawaii, Phys & Astron Dept, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA

Lin, C. H.:
 Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan

Lippert, T.:
 Res Ctr Julich, Julich Supercomp Ctr, D-52425 Julich, Germany

 Res Ctr Julich, JARA FAME, D-52425 Julich, Germany

Liu, Z.:
 Univ Geneva, DPNC, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland

Lu, S. Q.:
 Sun Yat Sen Univ SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China

Lu, Y. S.:
 Z

Luebelsmeyer, K.:
 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, JARA FAME, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

Luo, J. Z.:
 Southeast Univ SEU, Nanjing 210096, Peoples R China

Lyu, S. S.:
 Sun Yat Sen Univ SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China

Machate, F.:
 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, JARA FAME, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

Mana, C.:
 Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM, Madrid 28040, Spain

Marin, J.:
 Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM, Madrid 28040, Spain

Marquardt, J.:
 Christian Alberts Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Angew Phys, D-24118 Kiel, Germany

Martin, T.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

 NASA, Johnson Space Ctr JSC, Houston, TX 77058 USA

Martinez, G.:
 Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM, Madrid 28040, Spain

Masi, N.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy

 Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy

Maurin, D.:
 Univ Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, CNRS, LPSC IN2P3, F-38000 Grenoble, France

Menchaca-Rocha, A.:
 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Ciudad De Mexico 01000, Mexico

Meng, Q.:
 Southeast Univ SEU, Nanjing 210096, Peoples R China

Mo, D. C.:
 Sun Yat Sen Univ SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China

Molero, M.:
 Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM, Madrid 28040, Spain

Mott, P.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

 NASA, Johnson Space Ctr JSC, Houston, TX 77058 USA

Mussolin, L.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy

 Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy

Ni, J. Q.:
 Sun Yat Sen Univ SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China

Nikonov, N.:
 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, JARA FAME, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

Nozzoli, F.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy

Oliva, A.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy

Orcinha, M.:
 Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas LIP, P-1649003 Lisbon, Portugal

Palermo, M.:
 Univ Hawaii, Phys & Astron Dept, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA

Palmonari, F.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy

 Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy

Paniccia, M.:
 Univ Geneva, DPNC, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland

Pashnin, A.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Pauluzzi, M.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy

 Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy

Pensotti, S.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy

 Univ Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy

Phan, H. D.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Plyaskin, V:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Pohl, M.:
 Univ Geneva, DPNC, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland

Porter, S.:
 NASA, Johnson Space Ctr JSC, Houston, TX 77058 USA

Qi, X. M.:
 Sun Yat Sen Univ SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China

Qin, X.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Qu, Z. Y.:
 Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan

Quadrani, L.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy

 Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy

Rancoita, P. G.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy

Rapin, D.:
 Univ Geneva, DPNC, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland

Conde, A. Reina:
 Inst Astrofis Canarias IAC, San Cristobal la Laguna 38205, Spain

 Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, San Cristobal la Laguna 38206, Spain

Rosier-Lees, S.:
 Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, LAPP IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France

Rozhkov, A.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Rozza, D.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy

 Univ Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy

Sagdeev, R.:
 Univ Maryland, East West Ctr Space Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

Schael, S.:
 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, JARA FAME, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

Schmidt, S. M.:
 Res Ctr Julich, Julich Supercomp Ctr, D-52425 Julich, Germany

 Res Ctr Julich, JARA FAME, D-52425 Julich, Germany

von Dratzig, A. Schulz:
 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, JARA FAME, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

Schwering, G.:
 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, JARA FAME, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

Seo, E. S.:
 Univ Maryland, IPST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

Shan, B. S.:
 Beihang Univ BUAA, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China

Shi, J. Y.:
 Southeast Univ SEU, Nanjing 210096, Peoples R China

Siedenburg, T.:
 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, JARA FAME, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

Solano, C.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Song, J. W.:
 Shandong Univ SDU, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China

Sonnabend, R.:
 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, JARA FAME, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

Sun, Q.:
 Shandong Univ SDU, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China

Sun, Z. T.:
 Z

Tacconi, M.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy

 Univ Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy

Tang, X. W.:
 Z

Tang, Z. C.:
 Z

Tian, J.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy

 Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy

Ting, Samuel C. C.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

 European Org Nucl Res CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland

Ting, S. M.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Tomassetti, N.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy

 Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy

Torsti, J.:
 Univ Turku, Dept Phys & Astron, Space Res Lab, Turku 20014, Finland

Tuysuz, C.:
 Middle East Tech Univ METU, Dept Phys, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey

Urban, T.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

 NASA, Johnson Space Ctr JSC, Houston, TX 77058 USA

Usoskin, I:
 Univ Oulu, Sodankyla Geophys Observ, Oulu 90014, Finland

 Univ Oulu, Space Phys & Astron Res Unit, Oulu 90014, Finland

Vagelli, V.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy

 Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI, I-00133 Rome, Italy

Vainio, R.:
 Univ Turku, Dept Phys & Astron, Space Res Lab, Turku 20014, Finland

Valente, E.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy

 Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy

Valtonen, E.:
 Univ Turku, Dept Phys & Astron, Space Res Lab, Turku 20014, Finland

Vazquez Acosta, M.:
 Inst Astrofis Canarias IAC, San Cristobal la Laguna 38205, Spain

 Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, San Cristobal la Laguna 38206, Spain

Vecchi, M.:
 Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, POB 800, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands

Velasco, M.:
 Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM, Madrid 28040, Spain

Vialle, J. P.:
 Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, LAPP IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France

Wang, L. Q.:
 Shandong Univ SDU, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China

Wang, N. H.:
 Shandong Univ SDU, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China

Wang, Q. L.:
 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Elect Engn IEE, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China

Wang, S.:
 Univ Hawaii, Phys & Astron Dept, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA

Wang, X.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Wang, Z. X.:
 Sun Yat Sen Univ SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China

Wei, J.:
 Univ Geneva, DPNC, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland

Weng, Z. L.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Wu, H.:
 Southeast Univ SEU, Nanjing 210096, Peoples R China

Xiong, R. Q.:
 Southeast Univ SEU, Nanjing 210096, Peoples R China

Xu, W.:
 Shandong Inst Adv Technol SDIAT, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China

 Shandong Univ SDU, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China

Yan, Q.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Yang, Y.:
 Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Tainan 70101, Taiwan

Yi, H.:
 Southeast Univ SEU, Nanjing 210096, Peoples R China

Yu, Y. J.:
 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Elect Engn IEE, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China

Yu, Z. Q.:
 Z

Zannoni, M.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy

 Univ Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy

Zhang, C.:
 Z

Zhang, F.:
 Z

Zhang, F. Z.:
 Z

Zhang, J. H.:
 Southeast Univ SEU, Nanjing 210096, Peoples R China

Zhang, Z.:
 MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Zhao, F.:
 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys IHEP, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China

 Univ Chinese Acad Sci UCAS, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China

Zheng, Z. M.:
 Beihang Univ BUAA, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China

Zhuang, H. L.:
 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys IHEP, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China

Zhukov, V:
 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, JARA FAME, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

Zichichi, A.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy

 Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy

Zimmermann, N.:
 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, JARA FAME, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

Zuccon, P.:
 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy

 Univ Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
ISSN: 03701573
Editorial
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, Países Bajos
Tipo de documento: Review
Volumen: 894 Número:
Páginas: 1-116
WOS Id: 000608963000001

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