The magnitude and impact of the 431 CE Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango, El Salvador
Por:
Smith, Victoria C., Costa, Antonio, Aguirre-Diaz, Gerardo, Pedrazzi, Dario, Scifo, Andrea, Plunkett, Gill, Poret, Mattieu, Tournigand, Pierre-Yves, Miles, Dan, Dee, Michael W., McConnell, Joseph R., Sunye-Puchol, Ivan, Harris, Pablo Davila, Sigl, Michael, Pilcher, Jonathan R., Chellman, Nathan, Gutierrez, Eduardo
Publicada:
20 oct 2020
Categoría:
Multidisciplinary
Resumen:
The Tierra Blanca Joven (TBJ) eruption from Iopango volcano deposited
thick ash over much of El Salvador when it was inhabited by the Maya,
and rendered all areas within at least 80 km of the volcano
uninhabitable for years to decades after the eruption. Nonetheless, the
more widespread environmental and climatic impacts of this large
eruption are not well known because the eruption magnitude and date are
not well constrained. In this multifaceted study we have resolved the
date of the eruption to 431 +/- 2 CE by identifying the ash layer in a
well-dated, high-resolution Greenland ice-core record that is >7,000 km
from Ilopango; and calculated that between 37 and 82 km(3) of magma was
dispersed from an eruption coignimbrite column that rose to similar to
45 km by modeling the deposit thickness using state-of-the-art tephra
dispersal methods. Sulfate records from an array of ice cores suggest
stratospheric injection of 14 +/- 2 Tg S associated with the TBJ
eruption, exceeding those of the historic eruption of Pinatubo in 1991.
Based on these estimates it is likely that the TBJ eruption produced a
cooling of around 0.5 degrees C for a few years after the eruption. The
modeled dispersal and higher sulfate concentrations recorded in
Antarctic ice cores imply that the cooling would have been more
pronounced in the Southern Hemisphere. The new date confirms the
eruption occurred within the Early Classic phase when Maya expanded
across Central America.
Filiaciones:
Smith, Victoria C.:
Univ Oxford, Sch Archaeol, Res Lab Archaeol & Hist Art, Oxford OX1 3TG, England
Costa, Antonio:
Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Bologna, I-40128 Bologna, Italy
Aguirre-Diaz, Gerardo:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
Pedrazzi, Dario:
Inst Earth Sci Jaume Almera, Grp Volcanol, Lab Geol Proc Simulat SIMGEO UB CSIC, Lluis Sole i Sabaris S-N, Barcelona 08028, Spain
Scifo, Andrea:
Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
Plunkett, Gill:
Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Nat & Built Environm, Archaeol & Palaeoecol, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland
Poret, Mattieu:
Univ Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inst Rech Dev, Lab Magmas & Volcans, F-63170 Clermont Ferrand, France
Tournigand, Pierre-Yves:
Univ Padua, Dipartimento Geosci, I-35131 Padua, Italy
Miles, Dan:
Univ Oxford, Sch Archaeol, Res Lab Archaeol & Hist Art, Oxford OX1 3TG, England
Dee, Michael W.:
Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
McConnell, Joseph R.:
Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA
Sunye-Puchol, Ivan:
Univ Oxford, Sch Archaeol, Res Lab Archaeol & Hist Art, Oxford OX1 3TG, England
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
Harris, Pablo Davila:
Inst Potosino Invest Cient & Tecnol, Div Geociencias Aplicadas, San Luis Potosi 78216, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
Sigl, Michael:
Univ Bern, Phys, Climate & Environm Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
Pilcher, Jonathan R.:
Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Nat & Built Environm, Archaeol & Palaeoecol, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland
Chellman, Nathan:
Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA
Gutierrez, Eduardo:
Minist Medio Ambiente & Recursos Nat, Gerencia Geol Observ Ambiental, San Salvador 76230, El Salvador
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