Toxicological profile of medically relevant Crotalus species from Mexico and their neutralization by a Crotalus basiliscus/Bothrops asper antivenom
Por:
Sanchez, Melvin, Solano, Gabriela, Vargas, Mariangela, Reta-Mares, Francisco, Neri-Castro, Edgar, Alagon, Alejandro, Sanchez, Andres, Villalta, Mauren, Leon, Guillermo, Segura, Alvaro
Publicada:
1 may 2020
Categoría:
Toxicology
Resumen:
Specimens of the Crotalus genus represent a potential snakebite problem
in Mexico, and despite the great number of species of Crotalus present
in this country, only a few of them are relevant from a medical point of
view. Crotalus envenomed patients can present a range of signs and
symptoms, depending on the species involved, and their treatment is
indistinctly with either of the anti-viperid antivenoms available in the
Mexican Public Health System. One of these antivenoms is produced by
immunization of horses with a mixture of only two venoms: Crotalus
basiliscus and Bothrops asper venoms. In light of the high variability
found in Crotalus species venom composition, it is important to
demonstrate the cross-neutralization of this antivenom against other
Crotalus species. Therefore, in this work the toxic variability of eight
medically important Crotalus venoms from Mexico and its neutralization
by the Crotalus basiliscus/Bothrops asper antivenom were assessed. The
present study evidenced the variability of toxic and enzymatic
activities among the following Crotalus venoms: (1) Crotalus atrox, (2)
Crotalus basiliscus, (3) Crotalus culminatus, (4) Crotalus simus, (5)
Crotalus tzabcan, (6) Crotalus scutulatus salvini, (7) Crotalus
scutulatus scutulatus-A, and (8) Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus-B. All
venoms studied possess lethal and hemorrhagic activity on a murine
model, although there are important variations among the species; in
contrast, the PLA2 activity was similar for all venoms. Interestingly,
only C. simus venom exhibited coagulant activity on human plasma under
100 ng. The antivenom neutralized the lethality and all the other
assessed activities for all venoms tested. However, the dose required
varied depending on the venom and the evaluated activity. Our
preclinical data support the recommendation of using this antivenom to
clinically manage Crotalus snakebites produced by the species assessed
in this study. Nonetheless, only clinical trials could categorically
validate these results.
Filiaciones:
Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
Laboratorios de Biológicos y Reactivos de México S.A. de C.V. (BIRMEX), México DF, Mexico
Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos Del Instituto de Biotecnología de La Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Univ Costa Rica, Fac Microbiol, Inst Clodomiro Picado, San Jose, Costa Rica
Labs Biol & React Mexico SA CV BIRMEX, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biotecnol, Dept Med Mol & Bioproc, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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