Natural and Regenerated Saltmarshes Exhibit Similar Soil and Belowground Organic Carbon Stocks, Root Production and Soil Respiration
Por:
Santini, Nadia S., Lovelock, Catherine E., Hua, Quan, Zawadzki, Atun, Mazumder, Debashish, Mercer, Tim R., Muñoz-Rojas M., Hardwick, Simon A., Madala, Bindu Swapna, Cornwell, William, Thomas, Torsten, Marzinelli, Ezequiel M., Adam, Paul, Paul, Swapan, Verges, Adriana
Publicada:
1 ene 2019
Resumen:
Saltmarshes provide many valuable ecosystem services including storage of a large amount of ‘blue carbon’ within their soils. To date, up to 50% of the world’s saltmarshes have been lost or severely degraded primarily due to a variety of anthropogenic pressures. Previous efforts have aimed to restore saltmarshes and their ecosystem functions, but the success of these efforts is rarely evaluated. To fill this gap, we used a range of metrics, including organic carbon stocks, root production, soil respiration and microbial communities to compare natural and a 20-year restoration effort in saltmarsh habitats within the Sydney Olympic Park in New South Wales, Australia. We addressed four main questions: (1) Have above- and belowground plant biomass recovered to natural levels? (2) Have organic carbon stocks of soils recovered? (3) Are microbial communities similar between natural and regenerated saltmarshes? and (4) Are microbial communities at both habitats associated to ecosystem characteristics? For both soil organic carbon stocks and belowground biomass, we found no significant differences between natural and regenerated habitats (F(1,14) = 0.47, p = 0.5; F(1,42) = 0.08, p = 0.76). Aboveground biomass was higher in the natural habitat compared to the regenerated habitat (F(1,20) = 27.3, p < 0.0001), which may result from a site-specific effect: protection from erosion offered by a fringing mangrove forest in the natural habitat but not the regenerated habitat. Our microbial community assessment indicated that restored and natural saltmarsh habitats were similar at a phylum level, with the exception of a higher proportion of Proteobacteria in the rhizosphere of saltmarshes from the regenerated habitat (p < 0.01). Abundance of both Desulfuromonas and Geobacter was associated with high carbon and nitrogen densities in soils indicating that these genera may be key for the recovery of ecosystem characteristics in saltmarshes. Our restored and natural saltmarsh soils store at 30 cm depth similar levels of organic carbon: 47.9 Mg OC ha-1 to 64.6 Mg OC ha-1. Conservation of urban saltmarshes could be important for ‘blue carbon’ programmes aimed at mitigating atmospheric carbon dioxide. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Filiaciones:
Santini, Nadia S.:
Cátedra CONACYT- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, 04500, Mexico
School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Catedra CONACYT, Inst Ecol, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04500, DF, Mexico
Univ New South Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
Lovelock, Catherine E.:
School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia
Hua, Quan:
Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
Zawadzki, Atun:
Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
Mazumder, Debashish:
Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
Mercer, Tim R.:
Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA 98121, United States
St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
Garvan Inst Med Res, Genom & Epigenet Div, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
Altius Inst Biomed Sci, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Univ New South Wales Sydney, Fac Med, St Vincents Clin Sch, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
Muñoz-Rojas M.:
School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, 6009, Australia
Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kings Park Science, Kings Park, Perth, 6005, Australia
Hardwick, Simon A.:
Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
Garvan Inst Med Res, Genom & Epigenet Div, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
Madala, Bindu Swapna:
Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
Garvan Inst Med Res, Genom & Epigenet Div, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
Cornwell, William:
School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
Univ New South Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
Thomas, Torsten:
School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
Univ New South Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
Univ New South Wales, Ctr Marine Bioinnovat, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
Marzinelli, Ezequiel M.:
Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2006, Australia
Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
Univ New South Wales, Ctr Marine Bioinnovat, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
Univ Sydney, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Darlington, NSW 2006, Australia
Nanyang Technol Univ, Singapore Ctr Environm Life Sci Engn, Singapore 637551, Singapore
Adam, Paul:
School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
Univ New South Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
Paul, Swapan:
Sydney Olympic Park Authority, Sydney, Sydney Olympic Park, NSW 2127, Australia
Sydney Olymp Pk Author, Olymp Pk, Sydney, NSW 2127, Australia
Verges, Adriana:
School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
Univ New South Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
Univ New South Wales, Ctr Marine Bioinnovat, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
Univ Western Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
Kings Pk Sci, Dept Biodivers Conservat & Attract, Perth, WA 6005, Australia
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