Floral development in Gomphrenoideae (Amaranthaceae) with a focus on androecial tube and appendages
Por:
Sanchez-Del Pino, Ivonne, Vrijdaghs, Alexander, De Block, Petra, Flores-Olvera, Hilda, Smets, Erik, Eliasson, Uno
Publicada:
1 ene 2019
Resumen:
The gomphrenoid group of Amaranthaceae ('Gomphrenoideae') comprises the alternantheroid, iresinoid and gomphrenoid subclades. Using scanning electron and light microscopy, we studied flowers of seven genera representing all three subclades with a focus on the androecial tube, which is present in all Gomphrenoideae, and on which the stamens are inserted. Two kinds of appendages, either on the androecial tube or on the filaments, are observed in most Gomphrenoideae. The main aim of this paper is to determine the nature of these appendages. In the alternantheroid and iresinoid subclades, appendages on the androecial tube often occur, originating from primordia on its rim. In the gomphrenoid subclade, similar appendages on the androecial tube only occur in Pseudoplantago, but several genera have appendages originating from the bases of the filaments; they are therefore called appendages on the filaments. The two kinds of appendages are mutually exclusive. We consider them to be non-homologous, de novo organs, constituting different characters, each with a set of character states. The floral ontogeny of the taxa studied concurs with earlier findings in Amaranthaceae. An early dome-shaped receptacle was observed in Gomphrenoideae and in Amaranthus (Amaranthoideae). A central ovule primordium develops independently from an annular ovary wall but later is transiently attached to it, suggesting that this (ontogenetically) acarpellate ovary evolved from an ovary with a carpellary organization. Anatomical evidence for a perigynous hypanthium in Guilleminea is given for the first time. In Gomphrenoideae, flowers are usually bisexual, but functionally male flowers occur in Iresine. Our results show that in Amaranthus floral sexuality is more flexible than generally accepted. © 2019 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.
Filiaciones:
Sanchez-Del Pino, Ivonne:
City University of New York, Lehman College, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, New York, United States
Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Program for Molecular Systematics Studies, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, United States
Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A. C. Calle 43 No. 130 X 32 y 34. Col, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatá, Mexico
CUNY, Lehman Coll, 250 Bedford Pk,Blvd West, Bronx, NY 10468 USA
New York Bot Garden, Lewis B & Dorothy Cullman Program Mol Systemat St, 200th St & Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY 10458 USA
Ctr Invest Cient Yucatan AC, Calle 43 10 X 32 Y 34, Merida 97205, Yucatan, Mexico
Vrijdaghs, Alexander:
Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan, Meise, Belgium
Katholieke Univ Leuven, Ecol Evolut & Biodivers Conservat, Kasteelpk Arenberg 31,POB 2435, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
Meise Bot Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, B-1860 Meise, Belgium
De Block, Petra:
Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan, Meise, Belgium
Meise Bot Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, B-1860 Meise, Belgium
Flores-Olvera, Hilda:
Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biologí, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Dept Bot, Apdo Postal 70-367, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico
Smets, Erik:
Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
Naturalis Biodiversity Center, RA Leiden, Netherlands
Katholieke Univ Leuven, Ecol Evolut & Biodivers Conservat, Kasteelpk Arenberg 31,POB 2435, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
Nat Biodivers Ctr, POB 9517, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
Eliasson, Uno:
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Box 461, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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