Biodiversity recovery of Neotropical secondary forests
Por:
Rozendaal D.M.A., Bongers, Frans, Aide T.M., Alvarez-Davila, Esteban, Ascarrunz, Nataly, Balvanera, Patricia, Becknell, Justin M., Bentos, V, Tony, Brancalion P.H.S., Cabral G.A.L., Calvo-Rodriguez, Sofia, Chave, Jerome, Cesar, Ricardo G., Chazdon, Robin L., Condit, Richard, Dallinga, Jorn S., de Almeida-Cortez, Jarcilene S., de Jong, Ben, de Oliveira, Alexandre, Denslow, Julie S., Dent, Daisy H., DeWalt, Saara J., Dupuy J.M., Duran, Sandra M., Dutrieux, Loic P., Espirito-Santo, Mario M., Fandino, Mara C., Fernandes G.W., Finegan, Bryan, Garcia, Hernando, Gonzalez, Noel, Moser V.G., Hall, Jefferson S., Hernández-Stefanoni J.L., Hubbell, Stephen, Jakovac, Catarina C., Hernández A.J., Junqueira, Andr B., Kennard, Deborah, Larpin, Denis, Letcher, Susan G., Licona J.-C., Lebrija-Trejos, Edwin, Marin-Spiotta, Erika, Martinez-Ramos, Miguel, Massoca P.E.S., Meave, Jorge A., Mesquita R.C.G., Mora, Francisco, Müller S.C., Muñoz R., de Oliveira Neto, Silvio Nolasco, Norden, Natalia, Nunes Y.R.F., Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Ortiz-Malavassi, Edgar, Ostertag, Rebecca, Peña-Claros M., Perez-Garcia, Eduardo A., Piotto, Daniel, Powers, Jennifer S., Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Rodriguez-Buritica, Susana, Rodriguez-Velazquez, Jorge, Romero-Romero M.A., Ruiz, Jorge, Sanchez-Azofeifa, Arturo, de Almeida, Arlete Silva, Silver, Whendee L., Schwartz, Naomi B., Thomas, William Wayt, Toledo, Marisol, Uriarte, Maria, de Sa Sampaio, Everardo Valadares, van Breugel, Michiel, van der Wal, Hans, Martins, Sebastiao Venancio, Veloso M.D.M., Vester H.F.M., Vicentini, Alberto, Vieira I.C.G., Villa, Pedro, Williamson G.B., Zanini, Katia J., Zimmerman, Jess, Poorter, Lourens
Publicada:
1 ene 2019
Categoría:
Multidisciplinary
Resumen:
Old-growth tropical forests harbor an immense diversity of tree species but are rapidly being cleared, while secondary forests that regrow on abandoned agricultural lands increase in extent. We assess how tree species richness and composition recover during secondary succession across gradients in environmental conditions and anthropogenic disturbance in an unprecedented multisite analysis for the Neotropics. Secondary forests recover remarkably fast in species richness but slowly in species composition. Secondary forests take a median time of five decades to recover the species richness of old-growth forest (80% recovery after 20 years) based on rarefaction analysis. Full recovery of species composition takes centuries (only 34% recovery after 20 years). A dual strategy that maintains both old-growth forests and species-rich secondary forests is therefore crucial for biodiversity conservation in human-modified tropical landscapes.
Filiaciones:
Rozendaal D.M.A.:
Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AA WageningenP.O. Box 47, Netherlands
Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States
Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, 6700 AA WageningenP.O. Box 47, Netherlands
Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, Netherlands
Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, Netherlands
Plant Production Systems Group, Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, Wageningen, 6700 AK, Netherlands
Bongers, Frans:
Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AA WageningenP.O. Box 47, Netherlands
Wageningen Univ, Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, Netherlands
Aide T.M.:
Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 23360, San Juan, PR 00931-3360, Puerto Rico
Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 23360, San Juan, PR 00931-3360, Puerto Rico
Alvarez-Davila, Esteban:
Escuela ECAPMA, Calle 14 Sur No. 14-23Bogotá, Colombia
Fundación Con Vida, Avenida del Río # 20-114, Medellín, Colombia
UNAD, Escuela ECAPMA, Calle 14 Sur 14-23, Bogota, Colombia
Fdn Con Vida, Ave Rio 20-114, Medellin, Colombia
Escuela ECAPMA, UNAD, Calle 14 Sur No. 14-23, Bogotá, Colombia
Ascarrunz, Nataly:
Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal (IBIF), FCA-UAGRM, Km 9 Carretera al Norte, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
IBIF, FCA UAGRM, Km 9 Carretera Norte, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal (IBIF), FCA-UAGRM, Km 9 Carretera al Norte, El Vallecito, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
Balvanera, Patricia:
Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán CP 58190, Mexico
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Ecosistemas & Sustentabilidad, Morelia 58190, Michoacan, Mexico
Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58190, Mexico
Becknell, Justin M.:
Environmental Studies Program, Colby College, Waterville, ME 04901, United States
Colby Coll, Environm Studies Program, Waterville, ME 04901 USA
Bentos, V, Tony:
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, AM 69067-375, Manaus, Brazil
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, CEP 69067-375, Brazil
Brancalion P.H.S.:
Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias ,11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
Cabral G.A.L.:
Departamento de Botânica-CCB, Universidade Federal de PernambucoPernambuco 50670-901, Brazil
Calvo-Rodriguez, Sofia:
Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2EG, Canada
Univ Alberta, Earth & Atmospher Sci Dept, Edmonton, AB T6G 2EG, Canada
Chave, Jerome:
Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, Bâtiment 4R1, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
Univ Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, UMR5174, Batiment 4R1,118 Route Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France
Cesar, Ricardo G.:
Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias ,11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
Univ Sao Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz Coll Agr, Dept Forest Sci, Av Padua Dias 11, BR-13418900 Sao Paulo, Brazil
Chazdon, Robin L.:
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States
International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina 124, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22460-320, Brazil
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Ramaley N122, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
Int Inst Sustainabil, Estr Dona Castorina 124, BR-22460320 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ramaley N122, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
Condit, Richard:
SI ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave., 401 Balboa, Ancon, Panama
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave., 401 Balboa, Ancon, Panama
SIForestGEO, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Roosevelt Ave, Balboa 401, Ancon, Panama
Dallinga, Jorn S.:
Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, 6700 AA WageningenP.O. Box 47, Netherlands
Wageningen Univ, Lab Geoinformat Sci & Remote Sensing, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
de Almeida-Cortez, Jarcilene S.:
Departamento de Botânica-CCB, Universidade Federal de PernambucoPernambuco 50670-901, Brazil
Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Bot CCB, BR-50670901 Recife, PE, Brazil
de Jong, Ben:
Department of Sustainability Science, Ciudad Industrial, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur ,Av. Rancho Polígono 2-A, Lerma, Campeche 24500, Mexico
El Colegio Frontera Sur, Dept Sustainabil Sci, Av Rancho Poligono 2-A, Lerma 24500, Campeche, Mexico
de Oliveira, Alexandre:
Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, no. 321, Rua do Matão ,Travessa 14São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Ecol, Rua Matao,Travessa 14,321, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil
Denslow, Julie S.:
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, United States
Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA
Dent, Daisy H.:
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave., 401 Balboa, Ancon, Panama
Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of StirlingStirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Roosevelt Ave, Balboa 401, Ancon, Panama
Univ Stirling, Biol & Environm Sci, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland
DeWalt, Saara J.:
Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
Dupuy J.M.:
Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Unidad de Recursos Naturales ,Calle 43 # 130 x 32 y 34C.P. 97200 MéridaYucatán, Mexico
Duran, Sandra M.:
Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2EG, Canada
Univ Alberta, Earth & Atmospher Sci Dept, Edmonton, AB T6G 2EG, Canada
Dutrieux, Loic P.:
Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, 6700 AA WageningenP.O. Box 47, Netherlands
National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO), Mexico City, C.P. 14010, Mexico
Wageningen Univ, Lab Geoinformat Sci & Remote Sensing, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
Natl Commiss Knowledge & Use Biodivers CONABIO, Mexico City 14010, DF, Mexico
Espirito-Santo, Mario M.:
Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais 39401-089, Brazil
Univ Estadual Montes Claros, Dept Biol Geral, BR-39401089 Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
Fandino, Mara C.:
Fondo Patrimonio Natural para la Biodiversidad y Areas Protegidas, Calle 72 No. 12-65 piso 6Bogotá, Colombia
Fondo Patrimonio Nat Biodiversidad & Areas Proteg, Calle 72 12-65 Piso 6, Bogota, Colombia
Fernandes G.W.:
Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade/DBG, ICB/Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 30161-901, Brazil
Finegan, Bryan:
Biodiversity and Climate Change Programme, CATIE - Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
CATIE, Forests Biodivers & Climate Change Programme, Turrialba, Costa Rica
Garcia, Hernando:
Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Calle 28A No. 15-09 Bogotá, Colombia
Inst Invest Recursos Biol Alexander von Humboldt, Calle 28A 15-09, Bogota, Colombia
Gonzalez, Noel:
Departamento de Ingenierías, Instituto Tecnológico de Chiná, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Calle 11 s/nCampeche 24520, Mexico
Tecnol Nacl Mexico, Inst Tecnol China, Dept Ingn, Calle 11 S-N,22 & 28, Campeche 24520, Mexico
Moser V.G.:
Graduate School, Tropical Agricultural Centre for Research and Higher Education (CATIE), Turrialba, Costa Rica
Hall, Jefferson S.:
SI ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave., 401 Balboa, Ancon, Panama
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave., 401 Balboa, Ancon, Panama
SIForestGEO, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Roosevelt Ave, Balboa 401, Ancon, Panama
Hernández-Stefanoni J.L.:
Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Unidad de Recursos Naturales ,Calle 43 # 130 x 32 y 34C.P. 97200 MéridaYucatán, Mexico
Hubbell, Stephen:
SI ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave., 401 Balboa, Ancon, Panama
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave., 401 Balboa, Ancon, Panama
SIForestGEO, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Roosevelt Ave, Balboa 401, Ancon, Panama
Jakovac, Catarina C.:
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, AM 69067-375, Manaus, Brazil
International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina 124, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22460-320, Brazil
Centre for Conservation and Sustainability Science (CSRio), Department of Geography and the Environment, Pontificial Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Bentos, Tony, V , Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Coordenac Dinam Ambiental, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, BR-69067375 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
Int Inst Sustainabil, Estr Dona Castorina 124, BR-22460320 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Pontificial Catholic Univ Rio de Janeiro, Ctr Conservat & Sustainabil Sci CSRio, Dept Geog & Environm, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
Hernández A.J.:
Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Calle 28A No. 15-09 Bogotá, Colombia
Junqueira, Andr B.:
International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina 124, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22460-320, Brazil
Centre for Conservation and Sustainability Science (CSRio), Department of Geography and the Environment, Pontificial Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands
Int Inst Sustainabil, Estr Dona Castorina 124, BR-22460320 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Pontificial Catholic Univ Rio de Janeiro, Ctr Conservat & Sustainabil Sci CSRio, Dept Geog & Environm, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
Wageningen Univ, Dept Soil Qual, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Ciencia & Tecnol Ambientals, Barcelona 08193, Spain
Kennard, Deborah:
Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, 1100 North Avenue, Grand Junction, CO 81501, United States
Colorado Mesa Univ, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, 1100 North Ave, Grand Junction, CO 81501 USA
Larpin, Denis:
Direction Générale Déléguée aux Musées et aux Jardins botaniques et zoologiques (DGD-MJZ), Direction des Jardins Botaniques, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ,43 rue Buffon, Paris, 75005, France
Museum Natl Hist Nat, Direct Gen Deleguee Muse & Jardins Bot & Zool DGD, Direct Jardins Bot, 43 Rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France
Letcher, Susan G.:
Department of Environmental Studies, Purchase College (SUNY), 735 Anderson Hill Road, Purchase, NY 10577, United States
SUNY Purchase, Purchase Coll, Dept Environm Studies, 735 Anderson Hill Rd, Purchase, NY 10577 USA
Licona J.-C.:
Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal (IBIF), FCA-UAGRM, Km 9 Carretera al Norte, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
Lebrija-Trejos, Edwin:
Department of Biology and the Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa-Oranim, Tivon, 36006, Israel
Univ Haifa, Fac Nat Sci, Dept Biol & Environm, IL-36006 Tivon, Israel
Marin-Spiotta, Erika:
Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 550 North Park St., Madison, WI 53706, United States
Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, 550 North Pk St, Madison, WI 53706 USA
Martinez-Ramos, Miguel:
Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán CP 58190, Mexico
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Ecosistemas & Sustentabilidad, Morelia 58190, Michoacan, Mexico
Massoca P.E.S.:
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, AM 69067-375, Manaus, Brazil
Meave, Jorge A.:
Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Ciencias, Mexico City, C.P. 04510, Mexico
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ecol & Recursos Nat, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico
Mesquita R.C.G.:
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, AM 69067-375, Manaus, Brazil
Mora, Francisco:
Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán CP 58190, Mexico
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Ecosistemas & Sustentabilidad, Morelia 58190, Michoacan, Mexico
Müller S.C.:
Graduate Program in Ecology, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Muñoz R.:
Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Ciencias, Mexico City, C.P. 04510, Mexico
de Oliveira Neto, Silvio Nolasco:
Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Engn Florestal, Vicosa, MG, Brazil
Norden, Natalia:
Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Calle 28A No. 15-09 Bogotá, Colombia
Inst Invest Recursos Biol Alexander von Humboldt, Calle 28A 15-09, Bogota, Colombia
Nunes Y.R.F.:
Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais 39401-089, Brazil
Ochoa-Gaona, Susana:
Department of Sustainability Science, Ciudad Industrial, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur ,Av. Rancho Polígono 2-A, Lerma, Campeche 24500, Mexico
El Colegio Frontera Sur, Dept Sustainabil Sci, Av Rancho Poligono 2-A, Lerma 24500, Campeche, Mexico
Ortiz-Malavassi, Edgar:
Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Ingeniería ForestalCartago, Costa Rica
Inst Tecnol Costa Rica, Escuela Ingn Forestal, Cartago, Costa Rica
Ostertag, Rebecca:
Department of Biology, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, United States
Univ Hawaii, Dept Biol, Hilo, HI 96720 USA
Peña-Claros M.:
Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AA WageningenP.O. Box 47, Netherlands
Perez-Garcia, Eduardo A.:
Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Ciencias, Mexico City, C.P. 04510, Mexico
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ecol & Recursos Nat, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico
Piotto, Daniel:
Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Itabuna-BA, 45613-204, Brazil
Univ Fed Sul Bahia, Ctr Formacao Ciencias Agroflorestais, BR-45613204 Itabuna, BA, Brazil
Powers, Jennifer S.:
Departments of Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, United States
Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA
Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA
Aguilar-Cano, Jose:
Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Calle 28A No. 15-09 Bogotá, Colombia
Inst Invest Recursos Biol Alexander von Humboldt, Calle 28A 15-09, Bogota, Colombia
Rodriguez-Buritica, Susana:
Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Calle 28A No. 15-09 Bogotá, Colombia
Inst Invest Recursos Biol Alexander von Humboldt, Calle 28A 15-09, Bogota, Colombia
Rodriguez-Velazquez, Jorge:
Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán CP 58190, Mexico
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Ecosistemas & Sustentabilidad, Morelia 58190, Michoacan, Mexico
Romero-Romero M.A.:
Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Ciencias, Mexico City, C.P. 04510, Mexico
Ruiz, Jorge:
School of Social Sciences, Geography Area, Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia (UPTC), Tunja, Colombia
Department of Geography, 4841 Ellison Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States
UPTC, Sch Social Sci, Geog Area, Tunja, Colombia
Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, 4841 Ellison Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
Sanchez-Azofeifa, Arturo:
Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2EG, Canada
Univ Alberta, Earth & Atmospher Sci Dept, Edmonton, AB T6G 2EG, Canada
de Almeida, Arlete Silva:
Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, C.P. 399, Belém, Pará 66040-170, Brazil
Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, CP 399, BR-66040170 Belem, Para, Brazil
Silver, Whendee L.:
Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
Schwartz, Naomi B.:
Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA
Thomas, William Wayt:
Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden ,2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY 10458-5126, United States
New York Bot Garden, Inst Systemat Bot, 2900 Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY 10458 USA
Toledo, Marisol:
Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal (IBIF), FCA-UAGRM, Km 9 Carretera al Norte, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
IBIF, FCA UAGRM, Km 9 Carretera Norte, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
Uriarte, Maria:
Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA
de Sa Sampaio, Everardo Valadares:
Departamento de Energia Nuclear -CTG, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco 50740-540, Brazil
Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Energia Nucl CTG, Av Prof Luis Freire 1000, BR-50740540 Recife, PE, Brazil
van Breugel, Michiel:
SI ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave., 401 Balboa, Ancon, Panama
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave., 401 Balboa, Ancon, Panama
Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West138610, Singapore
Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4117543, Singapore
SIForestGEO, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Roosevelt Ave, Balboa 401, Ancon, Panama
Yale NUS Coll, 16 Coll Ave West, Singapore 138610, Singapore
Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biol Sci, 14 Sci Dr 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
van der Wal, Hans:
Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y Ambiente, Unidad Villahermosa, 86280 Centro Tabasco, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Mexico
El Colegio Frontera, Dept Agr Soc & Ambiente, Unidad Villahermosa, Centro Tabasco 86280, Mexico
Martins, Sebastiao Venancio:
Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Engn Florestal, Vicosa, MG, Brazil
Veloso M.D.M.:
Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais 39401-089, Brazil
Vester H.F.M.:
Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, GE Amsterdam, 1090, Netherlands
Vicentini, Alberto:
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, AM 69067-375, Manaus, Brazil
Bentos, Tony, V , Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Coordenac Dinam Ambiental, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, BR-69067375 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
Vieira I.C.G.:
Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, C.P. 399, Belém, Pará 66040-170, Brazil
Villa, Pedro:
Program of Botany, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Fundación para la Conservación de la Biodiversidad (ProBiodiversa), 5101 Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Biol Vegetal, Program Bot, Vicosa, MG, Brazil
Fdn Conservac Biodiversidad ProBiodiversa, Merida 5101, Venezuela
Williamson G.B.:
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, AM 69067-375, Manaus, Brazil
Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803-1705, United States
Zanini, Katia J.:
Graduate Program in Ecology, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Ecol, Grad Program Ecol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Zimmerman, Jess:
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, Puerto Rico
Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Environm Sci, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00936 USA
Poorter, Lourens:
Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AA WageningenP.O. Box 47, Netherlands
Wageningen Univ, Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
Univ Regina, Dept Biol, 3737 Wascana Pkwy, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
Wageningen Univ, Plant Prod Syst Grp, POB 430, NL-6700 AK Wageningen, Netherlands
Wageningen Univ, Ctr Crop Syst Anal, POB 430, NL-6700 AK Wageningen, Netherlands
Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, POB 23360, San Juan, PR 00931 USA
Ctr Invest Cientif Yucatan AC, Unidad Recursos Nat, Calle 43 130 x 32 y 34, Merida 97200, Yucatan, Mexico
Univ Fed Minas Gerais, ICB, DBG, Ecol Evolut & Biodiversidade, BR-30161901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Trop Agr Ctr Res & Higher Educ CATIE, Grad Sch, Turrialba, Costa Rica
Univ Amsterdam, IBED, POB 94248, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands
Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
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