Clasificación geomorfométrica del relieve mexicano: Una aproximación morfográfica por densidad de curvas de nivel y la energía del relieve
Por:
Santana J.R.H., Damián J.L.P., Vergés F.R., Delgado M.V., Linares A.P.M., Salas E.N.
Publicada:
1 ene 2017
Resumen:
At present the geomorphometric studies of relief and the digital mapping are an essential geomorphological platform for delimitation of natural synthetic units, so indispensable to the territorial organization, and others applied researches as the optimization of agricultural land use, microlocalization of settlement human, designation of from 501 to 1 300 m/km 2 , evidences a monolithic location pattern associated with major breakups due to erosion in the central portion of the Sierra Madre Occidental and, in a more isolated way, in its southern portion; in the central sector of the Sierra Madre del Sur in the State of Guerrero; in the sierras of Miahuatlán and Juárez, in the State of Oaxaca; and in very scattered sectors of the southwestern part of the Sierra Madre de Chiapas and the Sierra Madre Oriental. These orogenic regions have land areas characterized by greater ascending widths and intensities in terms of neotectonic movements responsible for the formation of Mexico's modern relief. In contrast, morphometric units belonging to the vertical dissection category from 21 to 50 m/km 2 exhibit moderately dissected, hilly relief typical of high and mid plains formed by a weaker neotectonic process. Lastly, morphometric units with dissection values between 0 and 20 m/km 2 stretch along the plains of the coastal states on the Gulf of Mexico, including karstified plains in the Yucatán Peninsula. Units in this category also stretch along the coastal plains of the Baja California Peninsula, the states of Sonora and Sinaloa, and the Pacific Coast in the State of Chiapas. They can also be found in isolated patches on the coastal plains of the Sierra Madre del Sur, on the plains of the Central Mexican Plateau, and along depressed areas of the Trans-Mexican Neovolcanic Belt, where they occupy countless graben depressions, as well as among volcanic edifices throughout the region. The present methodology for determining geomorphometric unities in Mexico's relief at a scale of 1:250 000, supported by a GIS platform, using density contours as the morphographic parameter for the country's relief, provided rather precise results consistent with the relief 's mathematical-statistical and geomorphological realities. The cartographic expression at a 1:250 000 scale included 122 map sheets of Mexico representing several different levels of data, as morphographical, morphometric (relief 's energy) and topographic, all of great significance for the preparation of other issues geomorphological mapping. © 2017 Instituto de Geografia. All rights reserved.
Filiaciones:
Instituto de Geografía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Delegación Coyoacán, México City, Mexico
Instituto Nacional de Ecología y Cambio Climático, SEMARNAT, Periférico 5000, Delegación Coyoacán, México City, Mexico
Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Geografía (INEGI), Balderas 71, México City, Mexico
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