Effects of anti-diabetic pharmaceuticals to non-target species in freshwater ecosystems: A review
Por:
Sarma, S. S. S., Garcia-Garcia, G., Nandini, S., Saucedo-Campos, A. D.
Publicada:
1 nov 2017
Resumen:
Diabetes Type 2 is among the most common metabolic disorders that human
beings face. As the number of diabetic patients increases, the demand
for production of antidiabetic drugs also increases. This, in turn,
raises environmental concerns since these drugs eventually reach water
bodies through various means like, excretory wastes by the patients. It
is urgent to make the appropriate legislation to control and regulate
the flow of hypoglycemic pharmaceuticals such as metformin into natural
lakes and drinking water reservoirs before undesirable and irreversible
changes occur in these waterbodies.
The use of metformin leads to the environmental release of this drug
into the waterbodies. Mexico is one of the nations with the highest
number of obese patients and the quantity of metformin administered per
patient can be up 2500 mg/day. There are also other products such as
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors thiazolidinediones, and meglitinides that
have the potential to reach aquatic ecosystems. Information related to
their concentrations in natural waters, their metabolites or effects on
non target organisms is scarce. Most studies on the effects of metformin
on aquatic organisms have been on fish, algae, and bacteria while
zooplankton have received much less attention. This is surprising since
zooplankton species are the principal link between phytoplankton and
fish larvae and are more sensitive to stress than algae. Flocculation,
activated carbon filtration, ozonisation, and chlorination are
ineffective in removing metformin and guanylurea. Therefore, other means
of waste disposal of unused antidiabetic drugs must be pursued than
treating wastewaters containing them.
Metformin and guanylurea are highly water soluble and the available
information on the adverse effects of antidiabetic drugs is scarce and
restricted to a few groups of aquatic organisms. It is therefore
urgently needed to generate appropriate legislation to control and
regulate the flow of orally administered pharmaceuticals such as
metformin into natural lakes and drinking water reservoirs before
undesirable and irreversible changes occur in these waterbodies.
Filiaciones:
Sarma, S. S. S.:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Lab Aquat Zool, Campus Iztacala,Av Barrios 1,AP 314, Tlalnepantla 54090, State Of Mexico, Mexico
Garcia-Garcia, G.:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Lab Aquat Zool, Campus Iztacala,Av Barrios 1,AP 314, Tlalnepantla 54090, State Of Mexico, Mexico
Nandini, S.:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Lab Aquat Zool, Campus Iztacala,Av Barrios 1,AP 314, Tlalnepantla 54090, State Of Mexico, Mexico
Saucedo-Campos, A. D.:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inmunol Lab, Campus Iztacala,Av Barrios 1,AP 314, Tlalnepantla 54090, State Of Mexico, Mexico
Reg Hosp Tlalnepantla ISSEMyM, Av Indeco 72a, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edo De Mexico, Mexico
|