Niche-based host extinction increases prevalence of an environmentally acquired pathogen
Por:
Garcia-Pena, Gabriel E., Garchitorena, Andres, Carolan, Kevin, Canard, Elsa, Prieur-Richard, Anne-Helene, Suzan, Gerardo, Mills, James N., Roche, Benjamin, Guegan, Jean-Francois
Publicada:
1 oct 2016
Categoría:
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Resumen:
Understanding the ecology of environmentally acquired and multi-host
pathogens affecting humans and wildlife has been elusive in part because
fluctuations in the abundance of host and pathogen species may feed back
onto pathogen transmission. Complexity of pathogen-host dynamics emerges
from processes driving local extinction of the pathogen, its hosts and
non-hosts. While the extinction of species may entail losses in
pathogen-host interactions and decrease the proportion of hosts infected
by a pathogen (prevalence), some studies suggest the opposite pattern.
Niche-based extinction, based on the species tolerance to environmental
conditions, may increase prevalence of infection because the pathogen
and its hosts persist, while other species go extinct. Hence,
understanding prevalence of infection requires disentangling random-and
niche-based extinction processes occurring simultaneously. To contribute
to this exercise, we analysed the prevalence of an environmentally
acquired, multi-host pathogen, Mycobacterium ulcerans (MU), in a unique
dataset of 16 communities of freshwater animals, surveyed during 12
months in Akonolinga, Cameroon in equatorial Africa. Two different
ecosystems were identified: rivers (lotic) and swamps and flooded areas
(lentic). Increased prevalence of MU infection was correlated with
niche-based extinction of aquatic host invertebrates and vertebrates in
the lentic ecosystems, whereas decreased prevalence was associated with
random disassembly of the lotic ecosystems. This finding suggests that
random and niche-based extinction of host taxa are key to assessing the
effect of local extinction of species on the ecology of environmentally
acquired and multi-host pathogens.
Filiaciones:
Univ Montpellier, Malad Infect & Vecteurs Ecol Genet Evolut & Contr, Ctr Rech, UMR,MIVEGEC,CNRS,IRD,UMR 5290, 911 Ave Agropolis,BP 64501, FR-34394 Montpellier 5, France
Ctr Synth & Anal Biodiversite CESAB, Batiment Henri Poincare, FR-13857 Aix En Provence 3, France
Ecole Hautes Etud Sante Publ, Rennes, France
EcoHLTH Initiat, FutureEarth Int Programme, Montreal, PQ, Canada
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Etol, Fauna Silvestre & Anim Lab, Fac Med Vet Zootecnia, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico
Emory Univ, Populat Biol Ecol & Evolut Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
UPMC, UMMISCO, IRD, UMR 209, Bondy, France
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