Benchmarking analogue models of brittle thrust wedges
Por:
Schreurs, Guido, Buiter, Susanne J. H., Boutelier, Jennifer, Burberry, Caroline, Callot, Jean-Paul, Cavozzi, Cristian, Cerca, Mariano, Chen, Jian-Hong, Cristallini, Ernesto, Cruden, Alexander R., Cruz, Leonardo, Daniel, Jean -Marc, Da Poian, Gabriela, Garcia, Victor H., Gomes, Caroline J. S., Grall, Celine, Guillot, Yannick, Guzman, Cecilia, Hidayah, Triyani Nur, Hilley, George, Klinkmuller, Matthias, Koyi, Hemin A., Lu, Chia-Yu, Maillot, Bertrand, Meriaux, Catherine, Nilfouroushan, Faramarz, Pan, Chang-Chih, Pillot, Daniel, Portillo, Rodrigo, Rosenau, Matthias, Schellart, Wouter P., Schlische, Roy W., Take, Andy, Vendeville, Bruno, Vergnaud, Marine, Vettori, Matteo, Wang, Shih-Hsien, Withjack, Martha O., Yagupsky, Daniel, Yamada, Yasuhiro
Publicada:
1 nov 2016
Categoría:
Geology
Resumen:
We performed a quantitative comparison of brittle thrust wedge experiments to evaluate the variability among analogue models and to appraise the reproducibility and limits of model interpretation. Fifteen analogue modeling laboratories participated in this benchmark initiative. Each laboratory received a shipment of the same type of quartz and corundum sand and all laboratories adhered to a stringent model building protocol and used the same type of foil to cover base and sidewalls of the sandbox. Sieve structure, sifting height, filling rate, and details on off-scraping of excess sand followed prescribed procedures. Our analogue benchmark shows that even for simple plane-strain experiments with prescribed stringent model construction techniques, quantitative model results show variability, most notably for surface slope, thrust spacing and number of forward and backthrusts. One of the sources of the variability in model results is related to slight variations in how sand is deposited in the sandbox. Small changes in sifting height, sifting rate, and scraping will result in slightly heterogeneous material bulk densities, which will affect the mechanical properties of the sand, and will result in lateral and vertical differences in peak and boundary friction angles, as well as cohesion values once the model is constructed. Initial variations in basal friction are inferred to play the most important role in causing model variability. Our comparison shows that the human factor plays a decisive role, and even when one modeler repeats the same experiment, quantitative model results still show variability. Our observations highlight the limits of up-scaling quantitative analogue model results to nature or for making comparisons with numerical models. The frictional behavior of sand is highly sensitive to small variations in material state or experimental set-up, and hence, it will remain difficult to scale quantitative results such as number of thrusts, thrust spacing, and pop-up width from model to nature. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd
Filiaciones:
Schreurs, Guido:
Univ Bern, Inst Geol Sci, Baltzerstr 1 & 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
Buiter, Susanne J. H.:
Geol Survey Norway, Geodynam Team, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
Univ Oslo, Ctr Earth Evolut & Dynam, POB 1048, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
Boutelier, Jennifer:
Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, 22 Russell St, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada
Burberry, Caroline:
Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Hans Ramberg Tecton Lab, S-75326 Uppsala, Sweden
Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 214 Bessey Hall,POB 880340, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
Callot, Jean-Paul:
IFP Energies Nouvelles, 1 & 4 Ave Bois Preau, F-92500 Rueil Malmaison, France
Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Lab Fluides Complexes & Leurs Reservoirs, UMR5150, BP 1155, F-64012 Pau, France
Cavozzi, Cristian:
Univ Parma, Dept Phys & Earth Sci Macedonio Melloni, NEXT Nat & Expt Tecton Res Grp, Via G Usberti 157-A, I-43100 Parma, Italy
Cerca, Mariano:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Blvd Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla 76230, Queretaro, Mexico
Chen, Jian-Hong:
Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, 1 Roosevelt Rd Sect 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
Cristallini, Ernesto:
Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Ciencias Geol, Pabellon 2,Ciudad Univ,C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina
Cruden, Alexander R.:
Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, 22 Russell St, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada
Monash Univ, Sch Earth Atmosphere & Environm, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia
Cruz, Leonardo:
Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Braun Hall 215, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
Daniel, Jean -Marc:
IFP Energies Nouvelles, 1 & 4 Ave Bois Preau, F-92500 Rueil Malmaison, France
IFREMER, Dept Phys Resources & Deep Sea Ecosyst PDG REM, Ctr Bretagne, ZI Pointe Diable, CS 10070, F-29280 Plouzane, France
Da Poian, Gabriela:
Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Ciencias Geol, Pabellon 2,Ciudad Univ,C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina
Univ Nacl Rio Negro, Inst Invest Paleobiol & Geol, Isidro Lobo 516, RA-8332 Gen Roca, Rio Negro, Argentina
Garcia, Victor H.:
Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Ciencias Geol, Pabellon 2,Ciudad Univ,C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina
Univ Nacl Rio Negro, Inst Invest Paleobiol & Geol, Isidro Lobo 516, RA-8332 Gen Roca, Rio Negro, Argentina
Gomes, Caroline J. S.:
Univ Fed Ouro Preto, Dept Geol, Morro Cruzeiro S-N 35, BR-400000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
Grall, Celine:
IFP Energies Nouvelles, 1 & 4 Ave Bois Preau, F-92500 Rueil Malmaison, France
Columbia Univ, Marine Geol & Geophys, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA
Guillot, Yannick:
Univ Lille Nord France, Lab Geosyst, FRE CNRS 3298, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France
Guzman, Cecilia:
Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Ciencias Geol, Pabellon 2,Ciudad Univ,C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina
Hidayah, Triyani Nur:
Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 610 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
Hilley, George:
Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Braun Hall 233, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
Klinkmuller, Matthias:
Univ Bern, Inst Geol Sci, Baltzerstr 1 & 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
Koyi, Hemin A.:
Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Hans Ramberg Tecton Lab, S-75326 Uppsala, Sweden
Lu, Chia-Yu:
Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, 1 Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan
Maillot, Bertrand:
Univ Cergy Pontoise, Lab Geosci & Environm Cergy, 5 Mail Gay Lussac, F-95031 Neuville Sur Oise, Cergy Pontoise, France
Meriaux, Catherine:
Univ Lisbon, Dept Engn Geog Geofis & Energia, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal
Nilfouroushan, Faramarz:
Univ Gavle, Dept Ind Dev IT & Land Management, Gavle, Sweden
Pan, Chang-Chih:
Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, 1 Roosevelt Rd Sect 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
Pillot, Daniel:
IFP Energies Nouvelles, 1 & 4 Ave Bois Preau, F-92500 Rueil Malmaison, France
Portillo, Rodrigo:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Blvd Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla 76230, Queretaro, Mexico
Rosenau, Matthias:
Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany
Schellart, Wouter P.:
Monash Univ, Sch Earth Atmosphere & Environm, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia
Schlische, Roy W.:
Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 610 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
Take, Andy:
Queens Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
Vendeville, Bruno:
Univ Lille, UMR 8187, LOG, F-59000 Lille, France
Vergnaud, Marine:
IFP Energies Nouvelles, 1 & 4 Ave Bois Preau, F-92500 Rueil Malmaison, France
Vettori, Matteo:
Univ Parma, Dept Phys & Earth Sci Macedonio Melloni, NEXT Nat & Expt Tecton Res Grp, Via G Usberti 157-A, I-43100 Parma, Italy
E FEM Srl, CAE Struct Anal & Composite Design, CTO Area, Parma, Italy
Wang, Shih-Hsien:
Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, 1 Roosevelt Rd Sect 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
Withjack, Martha O.:
Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 610 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
Yagupsky, Daniel:
Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Ciencias Geol, Pabellon 2,Ciudad Univ,C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina
Yamada, Yasuhiro:
Kyoto Univ, Dept Civil & Earth Resources Engn, Kyoto 6158540, Japan
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