Does the impact of biodiversity differ between emerging and endemic pathogens? The need to separate the concepts of hazard and risk
Por:
Hosseini, Parviez R., Mills, James N., Prieur-Richard, Anne-Helene, Ezenwa, Vanessa O., Bailly, Xavier, Rizzoli, Annapaola, Suzan, Gerardo, Vittecoq, Marion, Garcia-Pena, Gabriel E., Daszak, Peter, Guegan, Jean-Francois, Roche, Benjamin
Publicada:
5 jun 2017
Resumen:
Biodiversity is of critical value to human societies, but recent
evidence that bio-diversity may mitigate infectious-disease risk has
sparked controversy among researchers. The majority of work on this
topic has focused on direct assessments of the relationship between
biodiversity and endemic-pathogen prevalence, without disentangling
intervening mechanisms; thus study outcomes often differ, fuelling more
debate. Here, we suggest two critical changes to the approach
researchers take to understanding relationships between infectious
disease, both endemic and emerging, and biodiversity that may help
clarify sources of controversy. First, the distinct concepts of hazards
versus risks need to be separated to determine how biodiversity and its
drivers may act differently on each. This distinction is particularly
important since it illustrates that disease emergence drivers in humans
could be quite different to the general relationship between
biodiversity and transmission of endemic pathogens. Second, the
interactive relationship among biodiversity, anthropogenic change and
zoonotic disease risk, including both direct and indirect effects, needs
to be recognized and accounted for. By carefully disentangling these
interactions between humans' activities and pathogen circulation in
wildlife, we suggest that conservation efforts could mitigate disease
risks and hazards in novel ways that complement more typical disease
control efforts.
This article is part of the themed issue `Conservation, biodiversity and
infectious disease: scientific evidence and policy implications'.
Filiaciones:
EcoHlth Alliance, 460 West 34th St 17th Floor, New York, NY 10001 USA
Emory Univ, Populat Biol Ecol & Evolut Program, 1335 Springdale Rd, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA
United Nations Environm Programme, FutureEarth Programme, Montreal, PQ, Canada
Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Odum Sch Ecol, 140 East Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA
Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, 140 East Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA
INRA, Epidemiol Anim UR346, F-63122 St Genes Champanelle, France
Edmund Mach Fdn, Res & Innovat Ctr, 1 Via Edmondo Mach, I-38010 San Michele All Adige, Trentino, Italy
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Etol & Fauna Silvestre, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico
Ctr Rech Tour Valat, F-13200 Arles, France
Univ Montpellier, UMR MIVEGEC CNRS 5290, IRD 224, 911 Ave Agropolis,BP 64501, F-34394 Montpellier 5, France
OneHlth Core Res Programme, FutureEarth Programme, Montreal, PQ, Canada
Ctr Synth & Anal Biodiversite CESAB, Batiment Henri Poincare, F-13857 Aix En Provence 3, France
UPMC, UMMISCO 209, UMI IRD, 32 Ave Henri Varagnat, F-93143 Bondy, France
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