The KamLAND full-volume calibration system
Por:
Berger B.E., Busenitz J., Classen T., Decowski M.P., Dwyer D.A., Elor G., Frank A., Freedman S.J., Fujikawa B.K., Galloway K.M., Gray F., Heeger M., Hsu L., Ichimura K., Kadel R., Keefer G., Lendvai C., McKee D., O'Donnell T., Piepke A., Steiner H.M., Syversrud D., Wallig J., Winslow L.A., Ebihara T., Enomoto S., Furuno K., Gando Y., Ikeda H., Inoue K., Kibe Y., Kishimoto Y., Koga M., Minekawa Y., Mitsui T., Nakajima K., Nakajima K., Nakamura K., Owada K., Shimizu I., Shimizu Y., Shirai J., Suekane F., Suzuki A., Tamae K., Yoshida S., Kozlov A., Murayama H., Grant C., Leonard D.S., Luk K.-B., Jillings C., Mauger C., McKeown R.D., Zhang C., Lane C.E., Maricic J., Miletic T., Batygov M., Learned J.G., Matsuno S., Pakvasa S., Foster J., Horton-Smith G.A., Tang A., Dazeley S., Downum K.E., Gratta G., Tolich K., Bugg W., Efremenko Y., Kamyshkov Y., Perevozchikov O., Karwowski H.J., Markoff D.M., Tornow W., Piquemal F., Ricol J.-S.
Publicada:
1 ene 2009
Resumen:
We have successfully built and operated a source deployment system for the KamLAND detector. This system was used to position radioactive sources throughout the delicate 1-kton liquid scintillator volume, while meeting stringent material cleanliness, material compatibility, and safety requirements. The calibration data obtained with this device were used to fully characterize detector position and energy reconstruction biases. As a result, the uncertainty in the size of the detector fiducial volume was reduced by a factor of two. Prior to calibration with this system, the fiducial volume was the largest source of systematic uncertainty in measuring the number of antineutrinos detected by KamLAND. This paper describes the design, operation and performance of this unique calibration system. © 2009 IOP Publishing Ltd and SISSA.
Filiaciones:
Berger B.E.:
Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
Busenitz J.:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States
Classen T.:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States
Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
Decowski M.P.:
Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Tokyo, 277-8568 Kashiwa, Japan
Dwyer D.A.:
W. K. Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
Elor G.:
Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
Frank A.:
Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
Freedman S.J.:
Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Tokyo, 277-8568 Kashiwa, Japan
Fujikawa B.K.:
Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Tokyo, 277-8568 Kashiwa, Japan
Galloway K.M.:
Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
Gray F.:
Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
Department of Physics and Computational Science, Regis University, Denver, CO 80221, United States
Heeger M.:
Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Tokyo, 277-8568 Kashiwa, Japan
Hsu L.:
Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, United States
Ichimura K.:
Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
Kadel R.:
Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
Keefer G.:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States
Lendvai C.:
Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
McKee D.:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States
Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
O'Donnell T.:
Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
Piepke A.:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States
Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Tokyo, 277-8568 Kashiwa, Japan
Steiner H.M.:
Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
Syversrud D.:
Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
Wallig J.:
Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
Winslow L.A.:
Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
Ebihara T.:
Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
Enomoto S.:
Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Tokyo, 277-8568 Kashiwa, Japan
Furuno K.:
Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
Gando Y.:
Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
Ikeda H.:
Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
Inoue K.:
Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Tokyo, 277-8568 Kashiwa, Japan
Kibe Y.:
Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
Kishimoto Y.:
Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
Koga M.:
Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Tokyo, 277-8568 Kashiwa, Japan
Minekawa Y.:
Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
Mitsui T.:
Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
Nakajima K.:
Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
Center of Quantum Universe, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
Nakajima K.:
Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
Center of Quantum Universe, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
Nakamura K.:
Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Tokyo, 277-8568 Kashiwa, Japan
Owada K.:
Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
Shimizu I.:
Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
Shimizu Y.:
Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
Shirai J.:
Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
Suekane F.:
Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
Suzuki A.:
Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
Tamae K.:
Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
Yoshida S.:
Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
Kozlov A.:
Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Tokyo, 277-8568 Kashiwa, Japan
Murayama H.:
Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Tokyo, 277-8568 Kashiwa, Japan
Grant C.:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States
Leonard D.S.:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States
Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
Luk K.-B.:
Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
Jillings C.:
W. K. Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
SNOLAB, Lively, ON P3Y 1M3, Canada
Mauger C.:
W. K. Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
Subatomic Physics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States
McKeown R.D.:
W. K. Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
Zhang C.:
W. K. Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
Lane C.E.:
Physics Department, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
Maricic J.:
Physics Department, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
Miletic T.:
Physics Department, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
Batygov M.:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
Learned J.G.:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
SNOLAB, Lively, ON P3Y 1M3, Canada
Matsuno S.:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
Pakvasa S.:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
Foster J.:
Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
Horton-Smith G.A.:
Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Tokyo, 277-8568 Kashiwa, Japan
Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
Tang A.:
Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
Dazeley S.:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, United States
Downum K.E.:
Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
Gratta G.:
Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
Tolich K.:
Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
CENPA, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
Bugg W.:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
Efremenko Y.:
Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Tokyo, 277-8568 Kashiwa, Japan
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
Kamyshkov Y.:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
Perevozchikov O.:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
Karwowski H.J.:
Physics Departments at Duke University, Nuclear Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Durham, NC 27708, United States
Markoff D.M.:
Physics Departments at Duke University, Nuclear Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Durham, NC 27708, United States
Tornow W.:
Physics Departments at Duke University, Nuclear Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Durham, NC 27708, United States
Piquemal F.:
CEN Bordeaux-Gradignan, IN2P3-CNRS, University Bordeaux I, F-33175 Gradignan Cedex, France
Ricol J.-S.:
CEN Bordeaux-Gradignan, IN2P3-CNRS, University Bordeaux I, F-33175 Gradignan Cedex, France
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