Hidrogeoquímica del agua subterránea de la subcuenca de Apan-Tochac, Hidalgo, MéXico
Por:
Huízar-Álvarez R., Méndez-García T., Madrid-Ríos R.
Publicada:
1 ene 1999
Resumen:
Major-ion analyses of 235 water samples reveal a striking relation between the hydrochemical evolution and the groundwater flow system of the Apan-Tochac sub-basin. The high content of total dissolved solids, and the low values of the Ca/Mg ratio are present in wells located on the plain (discharge zone), whereas opposite conditions are associated with wells located on higher regions (recharge zone). The statistical data analysis using the method of principal components allowed to differentiate: (a) a low-mineralization water type corresponding to the recharge zone, and (b) a high-mineralization water type corresponding to the discharge zone. From the 11 principal components calculated, the first four account for 86.7% of the total variance. Component 1 is defined by the parameters E.C., Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl -, HCO3-, Na+, and K+, reason for what it is referred to as the "mineralization axis". Component 2 is defined by pH and altitude being referred to as the pH-to-altitude component. Component 3 consist of NO3- and SO4 2-, who define it as the axis of mineralization originated at the surface. Component 4 is associated exclusively to Cl-, and it is similar to the previous component. Ca + Mg + HCO3, and Na + Mg + HCO3 hydrochemical facies are present being dominant the former. The water is slightly alkaline having appreciable problems of salinity through the year mainly because of HCO3-,Ca2+, Mg2+, Na +, and Cl- ions.
Filiaciones:
Huízar-Álvarez R.:
Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Delegación Coyoacán, 04510 D.F., México, Mexico
Méndez-García T.:
Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Delegación Coyoacán, 04510 D.F., México, Mexico
Madrid-Ríos R.:
Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Delegación Coyoacán, 04510 D. F., México, Mexico
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