Improving seed germination and seedling growth of Omphalea oleifera (Euphorbiaceae) for restoration projects in tropical rain forests
Por:
Sánchez-Coronado M.E., Coates R., Castro-Colina L., de Buen A.G., Paez-Valencia J., Barradas V.L., Huante P., Orozco-Segovia A.
Publicada:
1 ene 2007
Resumen:
To improve the restoration of tropical rain forests, we tested the germination of seeds of Omphalea oleifera collected from soil (S) and from trees (T) in the 2001 dry season (Spring), at the beginning of a dry season (2005a, winter) and in the rainy season (2005b, winter). All seeds had high water content (WC, 31-33%), and the lipid content varied from 14 to 46%. Seedlings from seeds collected in 2001 were subjected to moderate water stress as a preconditioning treatment for severe stress. T-seeds collected in the dry season had high WC, rapid and high germination percentage; S and T-seeds collected in winter (2005) had also high WC but were dormant. GA3 (250 ppm) broke this dormancy. S-seeds collected in the dry season or at the beginning of it had relatively low WC and low and delayed germination. Some 2001 S-seeds produced albino seedlings. The critical water content for maintaining ecological longevity in these seeds was ?15%. Seeds collected in 2005b that were dehydrated for 20 days in a moist and fresh atmosphere lost their viability, showing recalcitrant behavior. T-seeds with the lowest lipid content (2005a) after dehydration maintained low germination (15 ± 18%). In all samples the seed size varied widely and was not predictive of seed WC. Embryos taken from dehydrated seeds had two to four times higher WC than the seeds, but germination did not take place. Laboratory and field germination of dormant seeds showed that viability may be maintained for at least 2-3 months on a moist substrate (soil or agar). Moderate water stress at the seedling stage reduced the efficiency of biomass production. Response to this water stress was expressed more in physiological traits than in morphological characters, consequently biomass allocation was maintained and plants retained most of their morphological characteristics (root:shoot ratio, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, leaf weight ratio). Moderate water stress did not increase the tolerance of seedlings to severe stress, causing leaf shedding and plant death. For restoration purposes we recommend that T-seeds be germinated immediately avoiding dehydration. The use of S-seeds could result in unhealthy seedlings. Seed recalcitrance and the response to moderate water stress restrict germination and establishment to small gaps, where th
Filiaciones:
Sánchez-Coronado M.E.:
Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Apdo Postal 70-275 Circuito Exterior, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico
Coates R.:
Estación de Biología Tropical Los Tuxtlas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 94, San Andres Tuxtla, 95701 Veracruz, Mexico
Castro-Colina L.:
Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Apdo Postal 70-275 Circuito Exterior, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico
de Buen A.G.:
Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Apdo Postal 70-275 Circuito Exterior, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico
Paez-Valencia J.:
Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Apdo Postal 70-275 Circuito Exterior, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico
Barradas V.L.:
Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Apdo Postal 70-275 Circuito Exterior, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico
Huante P.:
Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Apdo Postal 70-275 Circuito Exterior, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico
Orozco-Segovia A.:
Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Apdo Postal 70-275 Circuito Exterior, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico
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