Clarifying the cryptic host specificity of blastocystis spp. Isolates from alouatta palliata and A. Pigra howler monkeys
Por:
Villanueva-Garcia, Claudia, Jose Gordillo-Chavez, Elias, Lopez-Escamilla, Eduardo, Rendon-Franco, Emilio, Irais Munoz-Garcia, Claudia, Gama, Lilia, Arony Martinez-Flores, Williams, Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Nayeli, Romero-Valdovinos, Mirza, Diaz-Lopez, Hilda, Galian, Jose, Villalobos, Guiehdani, Maravilla, Pablo, Martinez-Hernandez, Fernando
Publicada:
5 ene 2017
Resumen:
Although the presence of cryptic host specificity has been documented in Blastocystis, differences in infection rates and high genetic polymorphism within and between populations of some subtypes (ST) have impeded the clarification of the generalist or specialist specificity of this parasite. We assessed the genetic variability and host specificity of Blastocystis spp. in wild howler monkeys from two rainforest areas in the southeastern region of Mexico. Fecal samples of 225 Alouatta palliata (59) and A. pigra (166) monkeys, belonging to 16 sylvatic sites, were analyzed for infection with Blastocystis ST using a region of the small subunit rDNA (SSUrDNA) gene as a marker. Phylogenetic and genetic diversity analyses were performed according to the geographic areas where the monkeys were found. Blastocystis ST2 was the most abundant (91.9%), followed by ST1 and ST8 with 4.6% and 3.5%, respectively; no association between Blastocystis ST and Alouatta species was observed. SSUrDNA sequences in GenBank from human and non-human primates (NHP) were used as ST references and included in population analyses. The haplotype network trees exhibited different distributions: ST1 showed a generalist profile since several haplotypes from different animals were homogeneously distributed with few mutational changes. For ST2, a major dispersion center grouped the Mexican samples, and high mutational differences were observed between NHP. Furthermore, nucleotide and haplotype diversity values, as well as migration and genetic differentiation indexes, showed contrasting values for ST1 and ST2. These data suggest that ST1 populations are only minimally differentiated, while ST2 populations in humans are highly differentiated from those of NHP. The host generalist and specialist specificities exhibited by ST1 and ST2 Blastocystis populations indicate distinct adaptation processes. Because ST1 exhibits a generalist profile, this haplotype can be considered a metapopulation; in contrast, ST2 exists as a set of local populations with preferences for either humans or NHP. © 2017 Villanueva-Garcia et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Filiaciones:
Univ Murcia, Fac Vet, Dept Zool & Antropol Fis, Murcia, Spain
Univ Juarez Autonoma Tabasco, Ctr Invest Conservac & Aprovechamiento Recursos T, Dept Ecol Paisaje & Cambio Global, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
Hosp Gen Dr Manuel Gea Gonzalez, Secretaria Salud, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Dept Prod Agr & Anim, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Inst Politecn Nacl, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Dept Ecol Evolut, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
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