High proportion of cactus species threatened with extinction
Por:
Goettsch B., Hilton-Taylor C., Cruz-Piñón G., Duffy J.P., Frances A., Hernández H.M., Inger R., Pollock C., Schipper J., Superina M., Taylor N.P., Tognelli M., Abba A.M., Arias S., Arreola-Nava H.J., Baker M.A., Bárcenas R.T., Barrios D., Braun P., Butterworth C.A., Búrquez A., Caceres F., Chazaro-Basañez M., Corral-Díaz R., Perea, MD, Demaio P.H., de Barros, WAD, Durán R., Yancas L.F., Felger R.S., Fitz-Maurice B., Fitz-Maurice W.A., Gann G., Gómez-Hinostrosa C., Gonzales-Torres L.R., Griffith, MP, Guerrero P.C., Hammel B., Heil K.D., Hernández-Oria J.G., Hoffmann M., Ishihara M.I., Kiesling R., Larocca J., León-De La Luz J.L., Loaiza, CR, Lowry M., MacHado M.C., Majure L.C., Avalos, JGM, Martorell C., Maschinski J., Méndez E., Mittermeier R.A., Nassar J.M., Negrón-Ortiz V., Oakley L.J., Ortega-Baes P., Ferreira, ABP, Pinkava D.J., Porter J.M., Puente-Martinez R., Gamarra J.R., Pérez P.S., Martínez E.S., Smith M., Sotomayor, JM, Stuart S.N., Munoz, JLT, Terrazas T., Terry M., Trevisson M., Valverde T., Van Devender T.R., Véliz-Pérez M.E., Walter H.E., Wyatt S.A., Zappi D., ZavalaHurtado, JA, Gaston K.J.
Publicada:
5 oct 2015
Categoría:
Plant science
Resumen:
A high proportion of plant species is predicted to be threatened with extinction in the near future. However, the threat status of only a small number has been evaluated compared with key animal groups, rendering the magnitude and nature of the risks plants face unclear. Here we report the results of a global species assessment for the largest plant taxon evaluated to date under the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List Categories and Criteria, the iconic Cactaceae (cacti). We show that cacti are among the most threatened taxonomic groups assessed to date, with 31% of the 1,478 evaluated species threatened, demonstrating the high anthropogenic pressures on biodiversity in arid lands. The distribution of threatened species and the predominant threatening processes and drivers are different to those described for other taxa. The most significant threat processes comprise land conversion to agriculture and aquaculture, collection as biological resources, and residential and commercial development. The dominant drivers of extinction risk are the unscrupulous collection of live plants and seeds for horticultural trade and private ornamental collections, smallholder livestock ranching and smallholder annual agriculture. Our findings demonstrate that global species assessments are readily achievable for major groups of plants with relatively moderate resources, and highlight different conservation priorities and actions to those derived from species assessments of key animal groups. © 2015, Nature Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
Filiaciones:
Goettsch B.:
International Union for Conservation of Nature, Global Species Programme, Sheraton House, Castle Park, Cambridge, CB3 0AX, United Kingdom
Hilton-Taylor C.:
International Union for Conservation of Nature, Global Species Programme, Sheraton House, Castle Park, Cambridge, CB3 0AX, United Kingdom
Cruz-Piñón G.:
Departamento Académico de Biología Marina, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California sur, BCS, Carretera al Sur Km 5.5, Col. El Mezquitito, La Paz, C.P. 23080, Mexico
Duffy J.P.:
Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
Frances A.:
NatureServe, 4600 N. Fairfax Dr., 7th Floor, Arlington, VA 22203, United States
Hernández H.M.:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Bot, Inst Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico
Inger R.:
Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
Pollock C.:
International Union for Conservation of Nature, Global Species Programme, Sheraton House, Castle Park, Cambridge, CB3 0AX, United Kingdom
Schipper J.:
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
Conservation and Science Department, Phoenix Zoo, 455 N. Galvin Parkway, Phoenix, AZ 85008, United States
Superina M.:
Laboratorio de Endocrinología de la Fauna Silvestre, IMBECU, CCT CONICET Mendoza, Avda. Dr. Adrián Ruiz Leal, S/No, Parque General San Martín, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
Taylor N.P.:
Singapore Botanic Gardens and National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
Tognelli M.:
International Union for Conservation of Nature-Conservation International, Biodiversity Assessment Unit, Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science and Oceans, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, United States
Abba A.M.:
División Zoología Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP, CONICET, Paseo del Bosque s/n, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
Arias S.:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Jardin Bot, Inst Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico
Arreola-Nava H.J.:
Instituto de Botánica, Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, km. 15.5 carr. a Nogales, Zapopan, Jalisco C.P. 45110, Mexico
Baker M.A.:
College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, United States
Bárcenas R.T.:
Laboratorio de Genética Molecular y Ecología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Campus Aeropuerto, Carretera a Chichimequillas km. 2.5, Querétaro, Querétaro C.P. 76140, Mexico
Barrios D.:
Jardín Botánico Nacional, Universidad de la Habana, Carretera El Rocío Km 3 1/2 Calabazar, Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba
Braun P.:
Im Fusstal 37, Kerpen, D 50171, Germany
Butterworth C.A.:
College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, United States
Búrquez A.:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Unidad Hermosillo, Inst Ecol, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico
Caceres F.:
Herbarium Arequipense HUSA, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Av. Daniel Alcides Carrión s/n, Arequipa, Peru
Chazaro-Basañez M.:
Facultad de Biología, Universidad Veracruzana, Zona Universitaria, Xalapa, Veracruz C.P. 91000, Mexico
Corral-Díaz R.:
Pulsar Group, LLC, Environmental Consulting and Services, 565 Bluff Canyon Circle, El Paso, TX 79912, United States
Demaio P.H.:
Temperate South American Plants, Specialist Group, IUCN, Colanchanga S/N, Río Ceballos, Córdoba 5111, Argentina
Durán R.:
Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 # 130 Col. Chuburná, Mérida, Yucatán C.P. 97200, Mexico
Yancas L.F.:
Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
BIOTA, Gestión y Consultorías Ambientales Ltda., Av. Miguel Claro 1224, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
Felger R.S.:
Herbarium, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
Fitz-Maurice B.:
Hermanos Infante 225, San Luis Potosí, SLP C.P. 78250, Mexico
Fitz-Maurice W.A.:
Hermanos Infante 225, San Luis Potosí, SLP C.P. 78250, Mexico
Gann G.:
Institute for Regional Conservation, Delray Beach, FL, United States
Gómez-Hinostrosa C.:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Bot, Inst Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico
Gonzales-Torres L.R.:
Cuban Botanical Society, Hernan Behn No. 171, La Habana, C.P. 10900, Cuba
Guerrero P.C.:
Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160C, Concepción, Chile
Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, 780-0024, Chile
Hammel B.:
Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 23166-0299, United States
Heil K.D.:
San Juan College, Farmington, NM 87402, United States
Hernández-Oria J.G.:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Lab Ecofisiol Trop, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico
Hoffmann M.:
International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, CH-1196, Switzerland
United Nations Environment Programme, World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, United Kingdom
Ishihara M.I.:
El Colegio de la Frontera sur (ECOSUR), Carr. Panamericana y Periferico Sur s/n, Barrio de Maria Auxiliadora, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas C.P. 29290, Mexico
Kiesling R.:
IADIZA-CONICET, Casilla de Correo 507, Mendoza, 5500, Argentina
Larocca J.:
Fundação Gaia-Estrada Capão da Fonte, s/no, Caixa Postal: 353, Cep: 96690-000, Pantano, Grande, RS, Brazil
León-De La Luz J.L.:
Herbarium HCIB, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Del Noroeste, SC, Apdo. postal 128, La Paz, Baja California Sur C.P. 23000, Mexico
Lowry M.:
International Organization for Succulent Plant Study, 83, Seaton Road, Hessle, Hull, United Kingdom
MacHado M.C.:
Herbario HUEFS, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia CEP 44036-900, Brazil
Majure L.C.:
Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
Desert Botanical Garden, 1201 N Galvin Parkway, Phoenix, AZ 85281, United States
Martorell C.:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ecol & Recursos Nat, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico
Maschinski J.:
Kushlan Tropical Science Institute, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, 10901 Old Cutler Rd., Coral Gables, Miami, FL 33156, United States
Méndez E.:
Botánica y Fitosociología-IADIZA-CCT-CONICET-MENDOZA, Avda. Dr. Adrian Ruiz Leal, S/No Parque General San Martin, Mendoza, Mendoza C.P. 5500, Argentina
Mittermeier R.A.:
Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Arlington, VA 22202, United States
Nassar J.M.:
Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Carretera Panamericana km 11, Apdo. 20632, Altos de Pipe, Miranda, Venezuela
Negrón-Ortiz V.:
US Fish and Wildlife Service, 1601 Balboa, Ave., Panama City, FL 32405, United States
Department of Biology, Miami University, 501 East High Street, Oxford, OH 45056, United States
Oakley L.J.:
Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, UNR, C.C. No 14, S2125ZAA, Zavalla, Argentina
Ortega-Baes P.:
LABIBO, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta-CONICET, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta, 4400, Argentina
Pinkava D.J.:
Desert Botanical Garden, 1201 N Galvin Parkway, Phoenix, AZ 85281, United States
Porter J.M.:
Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 N. College Ave., Claremont, CA 91711, United States
Puente-Martinez R.:
Desert Botanical Garden, 1201 N Galvin Parkway, Phoenix, AZ 85281, United States
Gamarra J.R.:
Museo de Historia Natural, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
Pérez P.S.:
BIOTA, Gestión y Consultorías Ambientales Ltda., Av. Miguel Claro 1224, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
Martínez E.S.:
Jardín Botánico Regional de Cadereyta Ing. Manuel González de Cosío, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología Del Estado de Querétaro, Camino A la Antigua Hacienda de Tovares Sin Número, Cadereyta de Montes, Querétaro C.P. 76500, Mexico
Smith M.:
33 Rossington Road, Sheffield, S11 8SA, United Kingdom
Stuart S.N.:
International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, CH-1196, Switzerland
United Nations Environment Programme, World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, United Kingdom
Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Arlington, VA 22202, United States
Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
Al Ain Zoo, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Terrazas T.:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Bot, Inst Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico
Terry M.:
Sul Ross State University, Alpine, TX 79832, United States
Trevisson M.:
Instituto Superior Arturo U. Illia (ISAUI), Olsacher 99, Villa Carlos Paz, Córdoba, Argentina
Valverde T.:
Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Deleg. Coyoacán, México, DF C.P. 04510, Mexico
Van Devender T.R.:
Sky Island Alliance, Inc., 300 E. University Blvd., Suite 270, Tucson, AZ 85705, United States
Véliz-Pérez M.E.:
Herbario BIGU, Escuela de Biología, Facultad CC. QQ. y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala
Walter H.E.:
EXSIS Project: Cactaceae Ex-situ Andin-situ Conservation, Casilla 175, Buin, Chile
Wyatt S.A.:
Global Environment Facility, 1818 H St NW P4-400, Washington, DC 20433, United States
Zappi D.:
HLAA, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, United Kingdom
Gaston K.J.:
Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
All Open Access; Green
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