Event reconstruction for KM3NeT/ORCA using convolutional neural networks


Por: Aiello S., Albert A., Garre S.A., Aly Z., Ameli F., Andre M., Androulakis G., Anghinolfi M., Anguita M., Anton G., Ardid M., Aublin J., Bagatelas C., Barbarino G., Baret B., du Pree S.B., Bendahman M., Berbee E., van den Berg A.M., Bertin V., Biagi S., Biagioni A., Bissinger M., Boettcher M., Boumaaza J., Bouta M., Bouwhuis M., Bozza C., Brânzas H., Bruijn R., Brunner J., Buis E., Buompane R., Busto J., Caiffi B., Calvo D., Capone A., Carretero V., Castaldi P., Celli S., Chabab M., Chau N., Chen A., Cherubini S., Chiarella V., Chiarusi T., Circella M., Cocimano R., Coelho J.A.B., Coleiro A., Molla M.C., Coniglione R., Coyle P., Creusot A., Cuttone G., D’Onofrio A., Dallier R., de Palma M., Di Palma I., Díaz A.F., Diego-Tortosa D., Distefano C., Domi A., Donà R., Donzaud C., Dornic D., Dörr M., Drouhin D., Eberl T., Eddyamoui A., van Eeden T., van Eijk D., El Bojaddaini I., Elsaesser D., Enzenhöfer A., Roselló V.E., Fermani P., Ferrara G., Filipovic M.D., Filippini F., Fusco L.A., Gabella O., Gal T., Soto A.G., Garufi F., Gatelet Y., Geißelbrecht N., Gialanella L., Giorgio E., Gozzini S.R., Gracia R., Graf K., Grasso D., Grella G., Guderian D., Guidi C., Hallmann S., Hamdaoui H., van Haren H., Heijboer A., Hekalo A., Hernández-Rey J.J., Hofestädt J., Huang F., Ibnsalih W.I., Illuminati G., James C.W., de Jong M., de Jong P., Jung B.J., Kadler M., Kalaczynski P., Kalekin O., Katz U.F., Chowdhury N.R.K., Kistauri G., van der Knaap F., Koffeman E.N., Kooijman P., Kouchner A., Kreter M., Kulikovskiy V., Lahmann R., Larosa G., Le Breton R., Leonardi O., Leone F., Leonora E., Levi G., Lincetto M., Clark M.L., Lipreau T., Lonardo A., Longhitano F., Lopez-Coto D., Maderer L., Manczak J., Mannheim K., Margiotta A., Marinelli A., Markou C., Martin L., Martínez-Mora J.A., Martini A., Marzaioli F., Mastroianni S., Mazzou S., Melis K.W., Miele G., Migliozzi P., Migneco E., Mijakowski P., Miranda L.S., Mollo C.M., Morganti M., Moser M., Moussa A., Muller R., Musumeci M., Nauta L., Navas S., Nicolau C.A., Fearraigh B.Ó., Organokov M., Orlando A., Papalashvili G., Papaleo R., Pastore C., Paun A.M., Pavalas G.E., Pellegrino C., Perrin-Terrin M., Piattelli P., Pieterse C., Pikounis K., Pisanti O., Poirè C., Popa V., Post M., Pradier T., Pühlhofer G., Pulvirenti S., Rabyang O., Raffaelli F., Randazzo N., Rapicavoli A., Razzaque S., Real D., Reck S., Riccobene G., Richer M., Rivoire S., Rovelli A., Greus F.S., Samtleben D.F.E., Losa A.S., Sanguineti M., Santangelo A., Santonocito D., Sapienza P., Schnabel J., Seneca J., Sgura I., Shanidze R., Sharma A., Simeone F., Sinopoulou A., Spisso B., Spurio M., Stavropoulos D., Steijger J., Stellacci S.M., Taiuti M., Tayalati Y., Tenllado E., Thakore T., Tingay S., Tzamariudaki E., Tzanetatos D., van Elewyck V., Vannoye G., Vasileiadis G., Versari F., Viola S., Vivolo D., de Wasseige G., Wilms J., Wojaczynski R., de Wolf E., Zaborov D., Zavatarelli S., Zegarelli A., Zito D., Zornoza J.D., Zúñiga J., Zywucka N.

Publicada: 1 ene 2020
Resumen:
The KM3NeT research infrastructure is currently under construction at two locations in the Mediterranean Sea. The KM3NeT/ORCA water-Cherenkov neutrino detector off the French coast will instrument several megatons of seawater with photosensors. Its main objective is the determination of the neutrino mass ordering. This work aims at demonstrating the general applicability of deep convolutional neural networks to neutrino telescopes, using simulated datasets for the KM3NeT/ORCA detector as an example. To this end, the networks are employed to achieve reconstruction and classification tasks that constitute an alternative to the analysis pipeline presented for KM3NeT/ORCA in the KM3NeT Letter of Intent. They are used to infer event reconstruction estimates for the energy, the direction, and the interaction point of incident neutrinos. The spatial distribution of Cherenkov light generated by charged particles induced in neutrino interactions is classified as shower- or track-like, and the main background processes associated with the detection of atmospheric neutrinos are recognized. Performance comparisons to machine-learning classification and maximum-likelihood reconstruction algorithms previously developed for KM3NeT/ORCA are provided. It is shown that this application of deep convolutional neural networks to simulated datasets for a large-volume neutrino telescope yields competitive reconstruction results and performance improvements with respect to classical approaches. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of Sissa Medialab. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

Filiaciones:
Aiello S.:
 INFN, Sezione di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, 95123, Italy

Albert A.:
 IN2P3, IPHC, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67037, France

 Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute Alsace, GRPHE, 34, Rue du Grillenbreit, Colmar, 68008, France

Garre S.A.:
 IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain

Aly Z.:
 Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

Ameli F.:
 INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy

Andre M.:
 Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Laboratori d’Aplicacions Bioacústiques, Centre Tecnològic de Vilanova i la Geltrú, Avda. Rambla Exposició, s/n, Vilanova i la Geltrú, 08800, Spain

Androulakis G.:
 NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, 15310, Greece

Anghinolfi M.:
 INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146, Italy

Anguita M.:
 University of Granada, Dept. of Computer Architecture and Technology, CITIC, Granada, 18071, Spain

Anton G.:
 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, Erlangen, 91058, Germany

Ardid M.:
 Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación Para la Gestión Integrada de Las Zonas Costeras, C/ Paranimf, 1, Gandia, 46730, Spain

Aublin J.:
 Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France

Bagatelas C.:
 NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, 15310, Greece

Barbarino G.:
 INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy

 Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Dip. Scienze Fisiche “E. Pancini”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy

Baret B.:
 Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France

du Pree S.B.:
 Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands

Bendahman M.:
 University Mohammed V in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, R.P, Rabat, 10000, Morocco

Berbee E.:
 Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands

van den Berg A.M.:
 KVI-CART University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

Bertin V.:
 Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

Biagi S.:
 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy

Biagioni A.:
 INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy

Bissinger M.:
 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, Erlangen, 91058, Germany

Boettcher M.:
 North-West University, Centre for Space Research, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa

Boumaaza J.:
 University Mohammed V in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, R.P, Rabat, 10000, Morocco

Bouta M.:
 University Mohammed I, Faculty of Sciences, BV Mohammed VI, B.P. 717, Oujda, R.P. 60000, Morocco

Bouwhuis M.:
 Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands

Bozza C.:
 Università di Salerno, INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Dipartimento di Matematica, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, 84084, Italy

Brânzas H.:
 ISS, Atomistilor 409, Magurele, RO-077125, Romania

Bruijn R.:
 Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands

 University of Amsterdam, Institute of Physics/IHEF, PO Box 94216, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, Netherlands

Brunner J.:
 Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

Buis E.:
 TNO, Technical Sciences, PO Box 155, Delft, 2600 AD, Netherlands

Buompane R.:
 INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy

 Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, viale Lincoln 5, Caserta, 81100, Italy

Busto J.:
 Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

Caiffi B.:
 INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146, Italy

Calvo D.:
 IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain

Capone A.:
 INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy

 Università la Sapienza, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy

Carretero V.:
 IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain

Castaldi P.:
 INFN, Sezione di Bologna, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy

Celli S.:
 INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy

 Università la Sapienza, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy

 Gran Sasso Science Institute, GSSI, Viale Francesco Crispi 7, L’Aquila, 67100, Italy

Chabab M.:
 Cadi Ayyad University, Physics Department, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Av. My Abdellah, Marrakech, 40000, Morocco

Chau N.:
 Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France

Chen A.:
 University of the Witwatersrand, School of Physics, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, Wits, 2050, South Africa

Cherubini S.:
 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy

 Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, 95123, Italy

Chiarella V.:
 INFN, LNF, Via Enrico Fermi, 40, Frascati, 00044, Italy

Chiarusi T.:
 INFN, Sezione di Bologna, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy

Circella M.:
 INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari, 70126, Italy

Cocimano R.:
 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy

Coelho J.A.B.:
 Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France

Coleiro A.:
 Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France

Molla M.C.:
 IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain

 Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France

Coniglione R.:
 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy

Coyle P.:
 Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

Creusot A.:
 Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France

Cuttone G.:
 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy

D’Onofrio A.:
 INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy

 Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, viale Lincoln 5, Caserta, 81100, Italy

Dallier R.:
 Subatech, IMT Atlantique, IN2P3-CNRS, Université de Nantes, 4 rue Alfred Kastler - La Chantrerie, Nantes, 44307, France

de Palma M.:
 INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari, 70126, Italy

 University of Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari, 70126, Italy

Di Palma I.:
 INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy

 Università la Sapienza, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy

Díaz A.F.:
 University of Granada, Dept. of Computer Architecture and Technology, CITIC, Granada, 18071, Spain

Diego-Tortosa D.:
 Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación Para la Gestión Integrada de Las Zonas Costeras, C/ Paranimf, 1, Gandia, 46730, Spain

Distefano C.:
 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy

Domi A.:
 Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

 INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146, Italy

 Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146, Italy

Donà R.:
 INFN, Sezione di Bologna, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy

 Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy

Donzaud C.:
 Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France

Dornic D.:
 Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

Dörr M.:
 University Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 31, Würzburg, 97074, Germany

Drouhin D.:
 IN2P3, IPHC, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67037, France

 Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute Alsace, GRPHE, 34, Rue du Grillenbreit, Colmar, 68008, France

Eberl T.:
 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, Erlangen, 91058, Germany

Eddyamoui A.:
 University Mohammed V in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, R.P, Rabat, 10000, Morocco

van Eeden T.:
 Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands

van Eijk D.:
 Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands

El Bojaddaini I.:
 University Mohammed I, Faculty of Sciences, BV Mohammed VI, B.P. 717, Oujda, R.P. 60000, Morocco

Elsaesser D.:
 University Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 31, Würzburg, 97074, Germany

Enzenhöfer A.:
 Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

Roselló V.E.:
 Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación Para la Gestión Integrada de Las Zonas Costeras, C/ Paranimf, 1, Gandia, 46730, Spain

Fermani P.:
 INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy

 Università la Sapienza, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy

Ferrara G.:
 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy

 Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, 95123, Italy

Filipovic M.D.:
 Western Sydney University, School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia

Filippini F.:
 INFN, Sezione di Bologna, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy

 Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy

Fusco L.A.:
 Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France

Gabella O.:
 Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier), Place Eugène Bataillon - CC 72, Montpellier Cédex 05, 34095, France

Gal T.:
 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, Erlangen, 91058, Germany

Soto A.G.:
 Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands

Garufi F.:
 INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy

 Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Dip. Scienze Fisiche “E. Pancini”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy

Gatelet Y.:
 Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France

Geißelbrecht N.:
 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, Erlangen, 91058, Germany

Gialanella L.:
 INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy

 Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, viale Lincoln 5, Caserta, 81100, Italy

Giorgio E.:
 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy

Gozzini S.R.:
 IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain

Gracia R.:
 Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands

Graf K.:
 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, Erlangen, 91058, Germany

Grasso D.:
 INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, Pisa, 56127, Italy

Grella G.:
 Università di Salerno, INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Dipartimento di Fisica, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, 84084, Italy

Guderian D.:
 University of Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 9, Münster, 48149, Germany

Guidi C.:
 INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146, Italy

 Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146, Italy

Hallmann S.:
 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, Erlangen, 91058, Germany

Hamdaoui H.:
 University Mohammed V in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, R.P, Rabat, 10000, Morocco

van Haren H.:
 NIOZ (Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research), Utrecht University, PO Box 59, Den Burg, Texel, 1790 AB, Netherlands

Heijboer A.:
 Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands

Hekalo A.:
 University Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 31, Würzburg, 97074, Germany

Hernández-Rey J.J.:
 IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain

Hofestädt J.:
 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, Erlangen, 91058, Germany

Huang F.:
 Université de Strasbourg, CNRS IPHC UMR 7178, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67037, France

Ibnsalih W.I.:
 INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy

 Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, viale Lincoln 5, Caserta, 81100, Italy

Illuminati G.:
 IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain

James C.W.:
 International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia

de Jong M.:
 Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands

de Jong P.:
 Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands

 University of Amsterdam, Institute of Physics/IHEF, PO Box 94216, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, Netherlands

Jung B.J.:
 Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands

Kadler M.:
 University Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 31, Würzburg, 97074, Germany

Kalaczynski P.:
 National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland

Kalekin O.:
 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, Erlangen, 91058, Germany

Katz U.F.:
 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, Erlangen, 91058, Germany

Chowdhury N.R.K.:
 IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain

Kistauri G.:
 Tbilisi State University, Department of Physics, 3, Chavchavadze Ave., Tbilisi, 0179, Georgia

van der Knaap F.:
 TNO, Technical Sciences, PO Box 155, Delft, 2600 AD, Netherlands

Koffeman E.N.:
 Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands

 University of Amsterdam, Institute of Physics/IHEF, PO Box 94216, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, Netherlands

Kooijman P.:
 University of Amsterdam, Institute of Physics/IHEF, PO Box 94216, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, Netherlands

 Utrecht University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, PO Box 80000, Utrecht, 3508 TA, Netherlands

Kouchner A.:
 Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France

 Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, Paris, 75005, France

Kreter M.:
 North-West University, Centre for Space Research, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa

Kulikovskiy V.:
 INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146, Italy

Lahmann R.:
 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, Erlangen, 91058, Germany

Larosa G.:
 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy

Le Breton R.:
 Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France

Leonardi O.:
 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy

Leone F.:
 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy

 Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, 95123, Italy

Leonora E.:
 INFN, Sezione di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, 95123, Italy

Levi G.:
 INFN, Sezione di Bologna, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy

 Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy

Lincetto M.:
 Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

Clark M.L.:
 Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France

Lipreau T.:
 Subatech, IMT Atlantique, IN2P3-CNRS, Université de Nantes, 4 rue Alfred Kastler - La Chantrerie, Nantes, 44307, France

Lonardo A.:
 INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy

Longhitano F.:
 INFN, Sezione di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, 95123, Italy

Lopez-Coto D.:
 University of Granada, Dpto. de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, C.A.F.P.E., Granada, 18071, Spain

Maderer L.:
 Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France

Manczak J.:
 IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain

Mannheim K.:
 University Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 31, Würzburg, 97074, Germany

Margiotta A.:
 INFN, Sezione di Bologna, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy

 Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy

Marinelli A.:
 INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy

Markou C.:
 NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, 15310, Greece

Martin L.:
 Subatech, IMT Atlantique, IN2P3-CNRS, Université de Nantes, 4 rue Alfred Kastler - La Chantrerie, Nantes, 44307, France

Martínez-Mora J.A.:
 Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación Para la Gestión Integrada de Las Zonas Costeras, C/ Paranimf, 1, Gandia, 46730, Spain

Martini A.:
 INFN, LNF, Via Enrico Fermi, 40, Frascati, 00044, Italy

Marzaioli F.:
 INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy

 Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, viale Lincoln 5, Caserta, 81100, Italy

Mastroianni S.:
 INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy

Mazzou S.:
 Cadi Ayyad University, Physics Department, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Av. My Abdellah, Marrakech, 40000, Morocco

Melis K.W.:
 Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands

Miele G.:
 INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy

 Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Dip. Scienze Fisiche “E. Pancini”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy

Migliozzi P.:
 INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy

Migneco E.:
 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy

Mijakowski P.:
 National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland

Miranda L.S.:
 University of Johannesburg, Department Physics, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa

Mollo C.M.:
 INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy

Morganti M.:
 INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, Pisa, 56127, Italy

 Accademia Navale di Livorno, Viale Italia 72, Livorno, 57100, Italy

Moser M.:
 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, Erlangen, 91058, Germany

Moussa A.:
 University Mohammed I, Faculty of Sciences, BV Mohammed VI, B.P. 717, Oujda, R.P. 60000, Morocco

Muller R.:
 Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands

Musumeci M.:
 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy

Nauta L.:
 Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands

Navas S.:
 University of Granada, Dpto. de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, C.A.F.P.E., Granada, 18071, Spain

Nicolau C.A.:
 INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy

Fearraigh B.Ó.:
 Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands

 University of Amsterdam, Institute of Physics/IHEF, PO Box 94216, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, Netherlands

Organokov M.:
 Université de Strasbourg, CNRS IPHC UMR 7178, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67037, France

Orlando A.:
 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy

Papalashvili G.:
 Tbilisi State University, Department of Physics, 3, Chavchavadze Ave., Tbilisi, 0179, Georgia

Papaleo R.:
 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy

Pastore C.:
 INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari, 70126, Italy

Paun A.M.:
 ISS, Atomistilor 409, Magurele, RO-077125, Romania

Pavalas G.E.:
 ISS, Atomistilor 409, Magurele, RO-077125, Romania

Pellegrino C.:
 Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy

 INFN, CNAF, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy

Perrin-Terrin M.:
 Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

Piattelli P.:
 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy

Pieterse C.:
 IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain

Pikounis K.:
 NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, 15310, Greece

Pisanti O.:
 INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy

 Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Dip. Scienze Fisiche “E. Pancini”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy

Poirè C.:
 Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación Para la Gestión Integrada de Las Zonas Costeras, C/ Paranimf, 1, Gandia, 46730, Spain

Popa V.:
 ISS, Atomistilor 409, Magurele, RO-077125, Romania

Post M.:
 University of Amsterdam, Institute of Physics/IHEF, PO Box 94216, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, Netherlands

Pradier T.:
 Université de Strasbourg, CNRS IPHC UMR 7178, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67037, France

Pühlhofer G.:
 Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Sand 1, Tübingen, 72076, Germany

Pulvirenti S.:
 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy

Rabyang O.:
 North-West University, Centre for Space Research, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa

Raffaelli F.:
 INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, Pisa, 56127, Italy

Randazzo N.:
 INFN, Sezione di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, 95123, Italy

Rapicavoli A.:
 Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, 95123, Italy

Razzaque S.:
 University of Johannesburg, Department Physics, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa

Real D.:
 IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain

Reck S.:
 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, Erlangen, 91058, Germany

Riccobene G.:
 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy

Richer M.:
 Université de Strasbourg, CNRS IPHC UMR 7178, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67037, France

Rivoire S.:
 Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier), Place Eugène Bataillon - CC 72, Montpellier Cédex 05, 34095, France

Rovelli A.:
 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy

Greus F.S.:
 IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain

Samtleben D.F.E.:
 Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands

 Leiden University, Leiden Institute of Physics, PO Box 9504, Leiden, 2300 RA, Netherlands

Losa A.S.:
 INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari, 70126, Italy

Sanguineti M.:
 INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146, Italy

 Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146, Italy

Santangelo A.:
 Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Sand 1, Tübingen, 72076, Germany

Santonocito D.:
 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy

Sapienza P.:
 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy

Schnabel J.:
 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, Erlangen, 91058, Germany

Seneca J.:
 Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands

Sgura I.:
 INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari, 70126, Italy

Shanidze R.:
 Tbilisi State University, Department of Physics, 3, Chavchavadze Ave., Tbilisi, 0179, Georgia

Sharma A.:
 Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Fisica, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, Pisa, 56127, Italy

Simeone F.:
 INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy

Sinopoulou A.:
 NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, 15310, Greece

Spisso B.:
 INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy

 Università di Salerno, INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Dipartimento di Fisica, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, 84084, Italy

Spurio M.:
 INFN, Sezione di Bologna, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy

 Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy

Stavropoulos D.:
 NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, 15310, Greece

Steijger J.:
 Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands

Stellacci S.M.:
 INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy

 Università di Salerno, INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Dipartimento di Fisica, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, 84084, Italy

Taiuti M.:
 INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146, Italy

 Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146, Italy

Tayalati Y.:
 University Mohammed V in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, R.P, Rabat, 10000, Morocco

Tenllado E.:
 University of Granada, Dpto. de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, C.A.F.P.E., Granada, 18071, Spain

Thakore T.:
 IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain

Tingay S.:
 International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia

Tzamariudaki E.:
 NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, 15310, Greece

Tzanetatos D.:
 NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, 15310, Greece

van Elewyck V.:
 Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France

 Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, Paris, 75005, France

Vannoye G.:
 INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146, Italy

Vasileiadis G.:
 Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier), Place Eugène Bataillon - CC 72, Montpellier Cédex 05, 34095, France

Versari F.:
 INFN, Sezione di Bologna, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy

 Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy

Viola S.:
 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy

Vivolo D.:
 INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy

 Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Dip. Scienze Fisiche “E. Pancini”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy

de Wasseige G.:
 Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France

Wilms J.:
 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Remeis Sternwarte, Sternwartstraße 7, Bamberg, 96049, Germany

Wojaczynski R.:
 National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland

de Wolf E.:
 Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands

 University of Amsterdam, Institute of Physics/IHEF, PO Box 94216, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, Netherlands

Zaborov D.:
 Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

 NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, A.I. Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Bolshaya Cheremushkinskaya ulitsa 25, Moscow, 117218, Russian Federation

Zavatarelli S.:
 INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146, Italy

Zegarelli A.:
 INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy

 Università la Sapienza, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy

Zito D.:
 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy

Zornoza J.D.:
 IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain

Zúñiga J.:
 IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain

Zywucka N.:
 North-West University, Centre for Space Research, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
ISSN: 17480221
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