Event reconstruction for KM3NeT/ORCA using convolutional neural networks
Por:
Aiello S., Albert A., Garre S.A., Aly Z., Ameli F., Andre M., Androulakis G., Anghinolfi M., Anguita M., Anton G., Ardid M., Aublin J., Bagatelas C., Barbarino G., Baret B., du Pree S.B., Bendahman M., Berbee E., van den Berg A.M., Bertin V., Biagi S., Biagioni A., Bissinger M., Boettcher M., Boumaaza J., Bouta M., Bouwhuis M., Bozza C., Brânzas H., Bruijn R., Brunner J., Buis E., Buompane R., Busto J., Caiffi B., Calvo D., Capone A., Carretero V., Castaldi P., Celli S., Chabab M., Chau N., Chen A., Cherubini S., Chiarella V., Chiarusi T., Circella M., Cocimano R., Coelho J.A.B., Coleiro A., Molla M.C., Coniglione R., Coyle P., Creusot A., Cuttone G., D’Onofrio A., Dallier R., de Palma M., Di Palma I., Díaz A.F., Diego-Tortosa D., Distefano C., Domi A., Donà R., Donzaud C., Dornic D., Dörr M., Drouhin D., Eberl T., Eddyamoui A., van Eeden T., van Eijk D., El Bojaddaini I., Elsaesser D., Enzenhöfer A., Roselló V.E., Fermani P., Ferrara G., Filipovic M.D., Filippini F., Fusco L.A., Gabella O., Gal T., Soto A.G., Garufi F., Gatelet Y., Geißelbrecht N., Gialanella L., Giorgio E., Gozzini S.R., Gracia R., Graf K., Grasso D., Grella G., Guderian D., Guidi C., Hallmann S., Hamdaoui H., van Haren H., Heijboer A., Hekalo A., Hernández-Rey J.J., Hofestädt J., Huang F., Ibnsalih W.I., Illuminati G., James C.W., de Jong M., de Jong P., Jung B.J., Kadler M., Kalaczynski P., Kalekin O., Katz U.F., Chowdhury N.R.K., Kistauri G., van der Knaap F., Koffeman E.N., Kooijman P., Kouchner A., Kreter M., Kulikovskiy V., Lahmann R., Larosa G., Le Breton R., Leonardi O., Leone F., Leonora E., Levi G., Lincetto M., Clark M.L., Lipreau T., Lonardo A., Longhitano F., Lopez-Coto D., Maderer L., Manczak J., Mannheim K., Margiotta A., Marinelli A., Markou C., Martin L., Martínez-Mora J.A., Martini A., Marzaioli F., Mastroianni S., Mazzou S., Melis K.W., Miele G., Migliozzi P., Migneco E., Mijakowski P., Miranda L.S., Mollo C.M., Morganti M., Moser M., Moussa A., Muller R., Musumeci M., Nauta L., Navas S., Nicolau C.A., Fearraigh B.Ó., Organokov M., Orlando A., Papalashvili G., Papaleo R., Pastore C., Paun A.M., Pavalas G.E., Pellegrino C., Perrin-Terrin M., Piattelli P., Pieterse C., Pikounis K., Pisanti O., Poirè C., Popa V., Post M., Pradier T., Pühlhofer G., Pulvirenti S., Rabyang O., Raffaelli F., Randazzo N., Rapicavoli A., Razzaque S., Real D., Reck S., Riccobene G., Richer M., Rivoire S., Rovelli A., Greus F.S., Samtleben D.F.E., Losa A.S., Sanguineti M., Santangelo A., Santonocito D., Sapienza P., Schnabel J., Seneca J., Sgura I., Shanidze R., Sharma A., Simeone F., Sinopoulou A., Spisso B., Spurio M., Stavropoulos D., Steijger J., Stellacci S.M., Taiuti M., Tayalati Y., Tenllado E., Thakore T., Tingay S., Tzamariudaki E., Tzanetatos D., van Elewyck V., Vannoye G., Vasileiadis G., Versari F., Viola S., Vivolo D., de Wasseige G., Wilms J., Wojaczynski R., de Wolf E., Zaborov D., Zavatarelli S., Zegarelli A., Zito D., Zornoza J.D., Zúñiga J., Zywucka N.
Publicada:
1 ene 2020
Resumen:
The KM3NeT research infrastructure is currently under construction at two locations in the Mediterranean Sea. The KM3NeT/ORCA water-Cherenkov neutrino detector off the French coast will instrument several megatons of seawater with photosensors. Its main objective is the determination of the neutrino mass ordering. This work aims at demonstrating the general applicability of deep convolutional neural networks to neutrino telescopes, using simulated datasets for the KM3NeT/ORCA detector as an example. To this end, the networks are employed to achieve reconstruction and classification tasks that constitute an alternative to the analysis pipeline presented for KM3NeT/ORCA in the KM3NeT Letter of Intent. They are used to infer event reconstruction estimates for the energy, the direction, and the interaction point of incident neutrinos. The spatial distribution of Cherenkov light generated by charged particles induced in neutrino interactions is classified as shower- or track-like, and the main background processes associated with the detection of atmospheric neutrinos are recognized. Performance comparisons to machine-learning classification and maximum-likelihood reconstruction algorithms previously developed for KM3NeT/ORCA are provided. It is shown that this application of deep convolutional neural networks to simulated datasets for a large-volume neutrino telescope yields competitive reconstruction results and performance improvements with respect to classical approaches. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of Sissa Medialab. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Filiaciones:
Aiello S.:
INFN, Sezione di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, 95123, Italy
Albert A.:
IN2P3, IPHC, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67037, France
Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute Alsace, GRPHE, 34, Rue du Grillenbreit, Colmar, 68008, France
Garre S.A.:
IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
Aly Z.:
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
Ameli F.:
INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy
Andre M.:
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Laboratori d’Aplicacions Bioacústiques, Centre Tecnològic de Vilanova i la Geltrú, Avda. Rambla Exposició, s/n, Vilanova i la Geltrú, 08800, Spain
Androulakis G.:
NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, 15310, Greece
Anghinolfi M.:
INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146, Italy
Anguita M.:
University of Granada, Dept. of Computer Architecture and Technology, CITIC, Granada, 18071, Spain
Anton G.:
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
Ardid M.:
Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación Para la Gestión Integrada de Las Zonas Costeras, C/ Paranimf, 1, Gandia, 46730, Spain
Aublin J.:
Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France
Bagatelas C.:
NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, 15310, Greece
Barbarino G.:
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy
Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Dip. Scienze Fisiche “E. Pancini”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy
Baret B.:
Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France
du Pree S.B.:
Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands
Bendahman M.:
University Mohammed V in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, R.P, Rabat, 10000, Morocco
Berbee E.:
Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands
van den Berg A.M.:
KVI-CART University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
Bertin V.:
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
Biagi S.:
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy
Biagioni A.:
INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy
Bissinger M.:
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
Boettcher M.:
North-West University, Centre for Space Research, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
Boumaaza J.:
University Mohammed V in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, R.P, Rabat, 10000, Morocco
Bouta M.:
University Mohammed I, Faculty of Sciences, BV Mohammed VI, B.P. 717, Oujda, R.P. 60000, Morocco
Bouwhuis M.:
Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands
Bozza C.:
Università di Salerno, INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Dipartimento di Matematica, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, 84084, Italy
Brânzas H.:
ISS, Atomistilor 409, Magurele, RO-077125, Romania
Bruijn R.:
Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands
University of Amsterdam, Institute of Physics/IHEF, PO Box 94216, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, Netherlands
Brunner J.:
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
Buis E.:
TNO, Technical Sciences, PO Box 155, Delft, 2600 AD, Netherlands
Buompane R.:
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy
Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, viale Lincoln 5, Caserta, 81100, Italy
Busto J.:
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
Caiffi B.:
INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146, Italy
Calvo D.:
IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
Capone A.:
INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy
Università la Sapienza, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy
Carretero V.:
IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
Castaldi P.:
INFN, Sezione di Bologna, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy
Celli S.:
INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy
Università la Sapienza, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy
Gran Sasso Science Institute, GSSI, Viale Francesco Crispi 7, L’Aquila, 67100, Italy
Chabab M.:
Cadi Ayyad University, Physics Department, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Av. My Abdellah, Marrakech, 40000, Morocco
Chau N.:
Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France
Chen A.:
University of the Witwatersrand, School of Physics, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, Wits, 2050, South Africa
Cherubini S.:
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy
Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, 95123, Italy
Chiarella V.:
INFN, LNF, Via Enrico Fermi, 40, Frascati, 00044, Italy
Chiarusi T.:
INFN, Sezione di Bologna, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy
Circella M.:
INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari, 70126, Italy
Cocimano R.:
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy
Coelho J.A.B.:
Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France
Coleiro A.:
Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France
Molla M.C.:
IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France
Coniglione R.:
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy
Coyle P.:
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
Creusot A.:
Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France
Cuttone G.:
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy
D’Onofrio A.:
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy
Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, viale Lincoln 5, Caserta, 81100, Italy
Dallier R.:
Subatech, IMT Atlantique, IN2P3-CNRS, Université de Nantes, 4 rue Alfred Kastler - La Chantrerie, Nantes, 44307, France
de Palma M.:
INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari, 70126, Italy
University of Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari, 70126, Italy
Di Palma I.:
INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy
Università la Sapienza, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy
Díaz A.F.:
University of Granada, Dept. of Computer Architecture and Technology, CITIC, Granada, 18071, Spain
Diego-Tortosa D.:
Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación Para la Gestión Integrada de Las Zonas Costeras, C/ Paranimf, 1, Gandia, 46730, Spain
Distefano C.:
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy
Domi A.:
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146, Italy
Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146, Italy
Donà R.:
INFN, Sezione di Bologna, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy
Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy
Donzaud C.:
Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France
Dornic D.:
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
Dörr M.:
University Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 31, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
Drouhin D.:
IN2P3, IPHC, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67037, France
Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute Alsace, GRPHE, 34, Rue du Grillenbreit, Colmar, 68008, France
Eberl T.:
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
Eddyamoui A.:
University Mohammed V in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, R.P, Rabat, 10000, Morocco
van Eeden T.:
Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands
van Eijk D.:
Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands
El Bojaddaini I.:
University Mohammed I, Faculty of Sciences, BV Mohammed VI, B.P. 717, Oujda, R.P. 60000, Morocco
Elsaesser D.:
University Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 31, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
Enzenhöfer A.:
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
Roselló V.E.:
Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación Para la Gestión Integrada de Las Zonas Costeras, C/ Paranimf, 1, Gandia, 46730, Spain
Fermani P.:
INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy
Università la Sapienza, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy
Ferrara G.:
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy
Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, 95123, Italy
Filipovic M.D.:
Western Sydney University, School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
Filippini F.:
INFN, Sezione di Bologna, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy
Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy
Fusco L.A.:
Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France
Gabella O.:
Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier), Place Eugène Bataillon - CC 72, Montpellier Cédex 05, 34095, France
Gal T.:
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
Soto A.G.:
Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands
Garufi F.:
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy
Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Dip. Scienze Fisiche “E. Pancini”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy
Gatelet Y.:
Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France
Geißelbrecht N.:
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
Gialanella L.:
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy
Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, viale Lincoln 5, Caserta, 81100, Italy
Giorgio E.:
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy
Gozzini S.R.:
IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
Gracia R.:
Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands
Graf K.:
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
Grasso D.:
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, Pisa, 56127, Italy
Grella G.:
Università di Salerno, INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Dipartimento di Fisica, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, 84084, Italy
Guderian D.:
University of Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 9, Münster, 48149, Germany
Guidi C.:
INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146, Italy
Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146, Italy
Hallmann S.:
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
Hamdaoui H.:
University Mohammed V in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, R.P, Rabat, 10000, Morocco
van Haren H.:
NIOZ (Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research), Utrecht University, PO Box 59, Den Burg, Texel, 1790 AB, Netherlands
Heijboer A.:
Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands
Hekalo A.:
University Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 31, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
Hernández-Rey J.J.:
IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
Hofestädt J.:
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
Huang F.:
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS IPHC UMR 7178, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67037, France
Ibnsalih W.I.:
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy
Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, viale Lincoln 5, Caserta, 81100, Italy
Illuminati G.:
IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
James C.W.:
International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
de Jong M.:
Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands
de Jong P.:
Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands
University of Amsterdam, Institute of Physics/IHEF, PO Box 94216, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, Netherlands
Jung B.J.:
Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands
Kadler M.:
University Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 31, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
Kalaczynski P.:
National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
Kalekin O.:
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
Katz U.F.:
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
Chowdhury N.R.K.:
IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
Kistauri G.:
Tbilisi State University, Department of Physics, 3, Chavchavadze Ave., Tbilisi, 0179, Georgia
van der Knaap F.:
TNO, Technical Sciences, PO Box 155, Delft, 2600 AD, Netherlands
Koffeman E.N.:
Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands
University of Amsterdam, Institute of Physics/IHEF, PO Box 94216, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, Netherlands
Kooijman P.:
University of Amsterdam, Institute of Physics/IHEF, PO Box 94216, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, Netherlands
Utrecht University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, PO Box 80000, Utrecht, 3508 TA, Netherlands
Kouchner A.:
Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France
Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, Paris, 75005, France
Kreter M.:
North-West University, Centre for Space Research, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
Kulikovskiy V.:
INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146, Italy
Lahmann R.:
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
Larosa G.:
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy
Le Breton R.:
Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France
Leonardi O.:
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy
Leone F.:
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy
Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, 95123, Italy
Leonora E.:
INFN, Sezione di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, 95123, Italy
Levi G.:
INFN, Sezione di Bologna, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy
Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy
Lincetto M.:
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
Clark M.L.:
Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France
Lipreau T.:
Subatech, IMT Atlantique, IN2P3-CNRS, Université de Nantes, 4 rue Alfred Kastler - La Chantrerie, Nantes, 44307, France
Lonardo A.:
INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy
Longhitano F.:
INFN, Sezione di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, 95123, Italy
Lopez-Coto D.:
University of Granada, Dpto. de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, C.A.F.P.E., Granada, 18071, Spain
Maderer L.:
Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France
Manczak J.:
IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
Mannheim K.:
University Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 31, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
Margiotta A.:
INFN, Sezione di Bologna, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy
Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy
Marinelli A.:
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy
Markou C.:
NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, 15310, Greece
Martin L.:
Subatech, IMT Atlantique, IN2P3-CNRS, Université de Nantes, 4 rue Alfred Kastler - La Chantrerie, Nantes, 44307, France
Martínez-Mora J.A.:
Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación Para la Gestión Integrada de Las Zonas Costeras, C/ Paranimf, 1, Gandia, 46730, Spain
Martini A.:
INFN, LNF, Via Enrico Fermi, 40, Frascati, 00044, Italy
Marzaioli F.:
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy
Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, viale Lincoln 5, Caserta, 81100, Italy
Mastroianni S.:
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy
Mazzou S.:
Cadi Ayyad University, Physics Department, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Av. My Abdellah, Marrakech, 40000, Morocco
Melis K.W.:
Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands
Miele G.:
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy
Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Dip. Scienze Fisiche “E. Pancini”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy
Migliozzi P.:
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy
Migneco E.:
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy
Mijakowski P.:
National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
Miranda L.S.:
University of Johannesburg, Department Physics, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
Mollo C.M.:
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy
Morganti M.:
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, Pisa, 56127, Italy
Accademia Navale di Livorno, Viale Italia 72, Livorno, 57100, Italy
Moser M.:
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
Moussa A.:
University Mohammed I, Faculty of Sciences, BV Mohammed VI, B.P. 717, Oujda, R.P. 60000, Morocco
Muller R.:
Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands
Musumeci M.:
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy
Nauta L.:
Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands
Navas S.:
University of Granada, Dpto. de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, C.A.F.P.E., Granada, 18071, Spain
Nicolau C.A.:
INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy
Fearraigh B.Ó.:
Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands
University of Amsterdam, Institute of Physics/IHEF, PO Box 94216, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, Netherlands
Organokov M.:
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS IPHC UMR 7178, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67037, France
Orlando A.:
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy
Papalashvili G.:
Tbilisi State University, Department of Physics, 3, Chavchavadze Ave., Tbilisi, 0179, Georgia
Papaleo R.:
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy
Pastore C.:
INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari, 70126, Italy
Paun A.M.:
ISS, Atomistilor 409, Magurele, RO-077125, Romania
Pavalas G.E.:
ISS, Atomistilor 409, Magurele, RO-077125, Romania
Pellegrino C.:
Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy
INFN, CNAF, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy
Perrin-Terrin M.:
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
Piattelli P.:
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy
Pieterse C.:
IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
Pikounis K.:
NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, 15310, Greece
Pisanti O.:
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy
Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Dip. Scienze Fisiche “E. Pancini”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy
Poirè C.:
Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación Para la Gestión Integrada de Las Zonas Costeras, C/ Paranimf, 1, Gandia, 46730, Spain
Popa V.:
ISS, Atomistilor 409, Magurele, RO-077125, Romania
Post M.:
University of Amsterdam, Institute of Physics/IHEF, PO Box 94216, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, Netherlands
Pradier T.:
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS IPHC UMR 7178, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67037, France
Pühlhofer G.:
Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Sand 1, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
Pulvirenti S.:
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy
Rabyang O.:
North-West University, Centre for Space Research, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
Raffaelli F.:
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, Pisa, 56127, Italy
Randazzo N.:
INFN, Sezione di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, 95123, Italy
Rapicavoli A.:
Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, 95123, Italy
Razzaque S.:
University of Johannesburg, Department Physics, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
Real D.:
IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
Reck S.:
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
Riccobene G.:
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy
Richer M.:
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS IPHC UMR 7178, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67037, France
Rivoire S.:
Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier), Place Eugène Bataillon - CC 72, Montpellier Cédex 05, 34095, France
Rovelli A.:
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy
Greus F.S.:
IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
Samtleben D.F.E.:
Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands
Leiden University, Leiden Institute of Physics, PO Box 9504, Leiden, 2300 RA, Netherlands
Losa A.S.:
INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari, 70126, Italy
Sanguineti M.:
INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146, Italy
Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146, Italy
Santangelo A.:
Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Sand 1, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
Santonocito D.:
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy
Sapienza P.:
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy
Schnabel J.:
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
Seneca J.:
Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands
Sgura I.:
INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari, 70126, Italy
Shanidze R.:
Tbilisi State University, Department of Physics, 3, Chavchavadze Ave., Tbilisi, 0179, Georgia
Sharma A.:
Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Fisica, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, Pisa, 56127, Italy
Simeone F.:
INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy
Sinopoulou A.:
NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, 15310, Greece
Spisso B.:
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy
Università di Salerno, INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Dipartimento di Fisica, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, 84084, Italy
Spurio M.:
INFN, Sezione di Bologna, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy
Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy
Stavropoulos D.:
NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, 15310, Greece
Steijger J.:
Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands
Stellacci S.M.:
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy
Università di Salerno, INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Dipartimento di Fisica, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, 84084, Italy
Taiuti M.:
INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146, Italy
Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146, Italy
Tayalati Y.:
University Mohammed V in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, R.P, Rabat, 10000, Morocco
Tenllado E.:
University of Granada, Dpto. de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, C.A.F.P.E., Granada, 18071, Spain
Thakore T.:
IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
Tingay S.:
International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
Tzamariudaki E.:
NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, 15310, Greece
Tzanetatos D.:
NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, 15310, Greece
van Elewyck V.:
Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France
Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, Paris, 75005, France
Vannoye G.:
INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146, Italy
Vasileiadis G.:
Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier), Place Eugène Bataillon - CC 72, Montpellier Cédex 05, 34095, France
Versari F.:
INFN, Sezione di Bologna, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy
Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy
Viola S.:
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy
Vivolo D.:
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy
Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Dip. Scienze Fisiche “E. Pancini”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126, Italy
de Wasseige G.:
Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, F-75013, France
Wilms J.:
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Remeis Sternwarte, Sternwartstraße 7, Bamberg, 96049, Germany
Wojaczynski R.:
National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
de Wolf E.:
Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB, Netherlands
University of Amsterdam, Institute of Physics/IHEF, PO Box 94216, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, Netherlands
Zaborov D.:
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, A.I. Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Bolshaya Cheremushkinskaya ulitsa 25, Moscow, 117218, Russian Federation
Zavatarelli S.:
INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146, Italy
Zegarelli A.:
INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy
Università la Sapienza, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185, Italy
Zito D.:
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123, Italy
Zornoza J.D.:
IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
Zúñiga J.:
IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
Zywucka N.:
North-West University, Centre for Space Research, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
Hybrid Gold
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