The Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph for JWST. V. Kernel Phase Imaging and Data Analysis
Por:
Kammerer, Jens, Cooper, Rachel A., Vandal, Thomas, Thatte, Deepashri, Martinache, Frantz, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Chaushev, Alexander, Stolker, Tomas, Lloyd, James P., Albert, Loic, Doyon, Rene, Sallum, Steph, Perrin, Marshall D., Pueyo, Laurent, Merand, Antoine, Gallenne, Alexandre, Greenbaum, Alexandra, Sanchez-Bermudez, Joel, Blakely, Dori, Johnstone, Doug, Volk, Kevin, Martel, Andre, Goudfrooij, Paul, Meyer, Michael R., Willott, Chris J., Furio M.D., Dang, Lisa, Radica, Michael, Noirot, Gael
Publicada:
1 ene 2023
Resumen:
Kernel phase imaging (KPI) enables the direct detection of substellar
companions and circumstellar dust close to and below the classical
(Rayleigh) diffraction limit. The high-Strehl full pupil images provided
by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) are ideal for application of
the KPI technique. We present a kernel phase analysis of JWST NIRISS
full pupil images taken during the instrument commissioning and compare
the performance to closely related NIRISS aperture masking
interferometry (AMI) observations. For this purpose, we develop and make
publicly available the custom Kpi3Pipeline data reduction pipeline
enabling the extraction of kernel phase observables from JWST images.
The extracted observables are saved into a new and versatile kernel
phase FITS file data exchange format. Furthermore, we present our new
and publicly available fouriever toolkit which can be used to search for
companions and derive detection limits from KPI, AMI, and long-baseline
interferometry observations while accounting for correlated
uncertainties in the model fitting process. Among the four KPI targets
that were observed during NIRISS instrument commissioning, we discover a
low-contrast (similar to 1:5) close-in (similar to 1 lambda/D) companion
candidate around CPD-66 562 and a new high-contrast (similar to 1:170)
detection separated by similar to 1.5 lambda/D from 2MASS
J062802.01-663738.0. The 5 sigma companion detection limits around the
other two targets reach similar to 6.5 mag at similar to 200 mas and
similar to 7 mag at similar to 400 mas. Comparing these limits to those
obtained from the NIRISS AMI commissioning observations, we find that
KPI and AMI perform similar in the same amount of observing time. Due to
its 5.6 times higher throughput if compared to AMI, KPI is beneficial
for observing faint targets and superior to AMI at separations greater
than or similar to 325 mas. At very small separations (less than or
similar to 100 mas) and between similar to 250 and 325 mas, AMI slightly
outperforms KPI which suffers from increased photon noise from the core
and the first Airy ring of the point-spread function.
Filiaciones:
Kammerer, Jens:
Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
Cooper, Rachel A.:
Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
Vandal, Thomas:
Institut de Recherche sur les Exoplanètes (iREx), Université de Montréal, Département de Physique, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
Thatte, Deepashri:
Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
Martinache, Frantz:
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, France
Sivaramakrishnan, Anand:
Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
Astrophysics Department, American Museum of Natural History, 79th Street at Central Park West, New York, NY 10024, United States
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3701 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
Chaushev, Alexander:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
Stolker, Tomas:
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, CA Leiden, 2333, Netherlands
Lloyd, James P.:
Carl Sagan Institute, Department of Astronomy and Space Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
Albert, Loic:
Institut de Recherche sur les Exoplanètes (iREx), Université de Montréal, Département de Physique, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
Doyon, Rene:
Institut de Recherche sur les Exoplanètes (iREx), Université de Montréal, Département de Physique, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
Observatoire du Mont-Mégantic, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
Sallum, Steph:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
Perrin, Marshall D.:
Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
Pueyo, Laurent:
Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
Department of Physics & Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
Merand, Antoine:
European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, Garching, 85748, Germany
Gallenne, Alexandre:
Universidad de Concepción, Departamento de Astronomía, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
Unidad Mixta Internacional Franco-Chilena de Astronomía (CNRS UMI 3386), Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Camino El Observatorio 1515 Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
Greenbaum, Alexandra:
IPAC, Mail Code 100-22, Caltech, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
Sanchez-Bermudez, Joel:
Instituto de Astronomiá, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70264, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, Heidelberg, D-69117, Germany
Blakely, Dori:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Rd, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada
Johnstone, Doug:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Rd, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada
Volk, Kevin:
Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
Martel, Andre:
Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
Goudfrooij, Paul:
Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
Meyer, Michael R.:
Astronomy Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
Willott, Chris J.:
NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Rd, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada
Furio M.D.:
Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
Dang, Lisa:
Institut de Recherche sur les Exoplanètes (iREx), Université de Montréal, Département de Physique, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
Radica, Michael:
Institut de Recherche sur les Exoplanètes (iREx), Université de Montréal, Département de Physique, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
Noirot, Gael:
Department of Astronomy & Physics, Institute for Computational Astrophysics, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie St, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada
hybrid, Green Submitted, Hybrid Gold
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