Immune Response to Natural and Experimental Infection of Panulirus argus Virus 1 (PaV1) in Juveniles of Caribbean Spiny Lobster
Por:
Pascual, Cristina, Rodriguez-Canul, Rossanna, Pablo Huchin-Mian, Juan, Mascaro, Maite, Briones-Fourzan, Patricia, Lozano-Alvarez, Enrique, Sanchez, Ariadna, Escalante, Karla
Publicada:
1 ago 2022
Resumen:
Simple Summary Experimental immunological challenges are widely used to
corroborate the success of breeding programs for lines resistant to
specific pathogens, to test the efficiency of new vaccines, and to
improve immunity of cultured animals. The validation of experimental
infection protocols is complex because it requires comparison with
naturally infected organisms at different stages of the infection. The
present study compares the immune response of lobsters under a natural
process of viral infection (PaV1), versus the defense response of
experimentally infected organisms. Innate immunity for infected lobsters
was measured through cellular and plasmatic components. The results
indicate that the immune response of organisms naturally or
experimentally infected by PaV1 was similar, and provides the bases to
corroborate that the immunological challenge was not exacerbated.
Appropriate infection protocols can be useful for research aimed at
increasing resistance to infectious diseases and reducing the use of
antibiotics in aquaculture. Experimental infections have been used to
better comprehend the immune system of organisms, and to probe for
additives that generate greater resistance and help reduce antibiotic
use in aquaculture. We compared the immune response of juveniles of the
Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, infected naturally with
Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1) versus organisms infected experimentally,
to determine the analogy between both infectious processes. The
immunological response was measured by hemagglutination activity,
hemocyte count, and total phenoloxidase activity in plasma and hemocytes
in 211 individuals that were either naturally infected (110), or had
been injected with viral inoculum and followed for six months (101). The
samples were classified into the following four groups according to the
severity of the infection: 0, uninfected; 1, lightly; 2, moderately; and
3, severely infected), which was determined on the basis of PCR and
histological criteria. A permutational MANOVA showed that both the
origin (natural and experimental), and the severity of the infection
contributed significantly to explain the variation in the immune
response of lobsters. The lack of significance of the interaction term
indicated that the immunological response changed with the severity of
the infection in a similar way, regardless of its origin. The results of
the present study suggest that the experimental viral infection of PaV1
produces a defense response similar to the natural pathways of
contagion, and provides the bases to validate an immunological challenge
protocol for the first time in crustaceans. The discussion includes the
perspective of the conceptual models of immune response within an
ecological context.
Filiaciones:
Pascual, Cristina:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Unidad Multidisciplinaria Docencia & Invest, Puerto Abrigo S-N, Sisal 97356, Hunucma, Mexico
Rodriguez-Canul, Rossanna:
Inst Politecn Nacl, Dept Recursos Mar, Lab Inmunol & Biol Mol, Unidad Merida,Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Puerto Abrigo S-N, Sisal 97356, Hunucma, Mexico
Pablo Huchin-Mian, Juan:
Univ Guanajuato, Dept Biol, Div Ciencias Nat & Exactas, Guanajuato 36000, Mexico
Mascaro, Maite:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Unidad Multidisciplinaria Docencia & Invest, Puerto Abrigo S-N, Sisal 97356, Hunucma, Mexico
Briones-Fourzan, Patricia:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Unidad Acad Sistemas Arrecifales, Puerto Morelos 77580, Mexico
Lozano-Alvarez, Enrique:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Unidad Acad Sistemas Arrecifales, Puerto Morelos 77580, Mexico
Sanchez, Ariadna:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Unidad Multidisciplinaria Docencia & Invest, Puerto Abrigo S-N, Sisal 97356, Hunucma, Mexico
Escalante, Karla:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Unidad Multidisciplinaria Docencia & Invest, Puerto Abrigo S-N, Sisal 97356, Hunucma, Mexico
Green Accepted, gold, Gold, Green
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