Global subtype diversity, spatial distribution patterns, and phylogenetic analysis of avian influenza virus in water
Por:
Mateus-Anzola, Jessica, Martinez-Lopez, Beatriz, Espinosa-García A.C., Ojeda-Flores, Rafael
Publicada:
1 jul 2022
Ahead of Print:
1 sep 2021
Resumen:
The current COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for zoonotic
infectious disease surveillance. Avian influenza virus (AIV) poses a
significant threat to animal and public health due to its pandemic
potential. Virus-contaminated water has been suggested as an important
AIV spread mechanism among multiple species. Nevertheless, few studies
have characterized the global AIV subtype diversity and distribution in
environmental water. Therefore, this study aims to provide an updated
descriptive and phylogenetic analysis of AIVs isolated in water samples
from high risk-sites for influenza outbreaks (i.e. live bird markets,
poultry farms, and wild bird habitats) on a global scale. The
descriptive analysis evidenced that 21 subtypes were reported from nine
countries between 2003 and 2020. Fourteen AIV subtypes were solely
reported from Asian countries. Most of the viral sequences were obtained
in China and Bangladesh with 47.44% and 23.93%, respectively.
Likewise, the greatest global AIV subtype diversity was observed in
China with 12 subtypes. Live bird markets represented the main sampling
site for AIV detection in water samples (64.1%), mostly from poultry
cage water. Nevertheless, the highest subtype diversity was observed in
water samples from wild bird habitats, especially from the Izumi plain
and the Dongting Lake located in Japan and China, respectively. Water
from drinking poultry troughs evidenced the greatest subtype diversity
in live bird markets; meanwhile, environmental water used by ducks had
the highest number of different subtypes in poultry farms.
Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees of hemagglutinin (HA) and
neuraminidase (NA) genes showed that some sequences were closely related
among different poultry/wild bird-related environments from different
geographic origins. Therefore, the results suggest that even though the
availability of gene sequences in public-access databases varies greatly
among countries, environmental AIV surveillance represents a useful tool
to elucidate potential viral diversity in wild and domestic bird
populations.
Filiaciones:
Mateus-Anzola, Jessica:
Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades y Una Salud, Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
Martinez-Lopez, Beatriz:
Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance (CADMS), Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States
Espinosa-García A.C.:
Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
Ojeda-Flores, Rafael:
Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades y Una Salud, Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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