Ancient DNA analysis
Por:
Orlando, Ludovic, Allaby, Robin, Skoglund, Pontus, Der Sarkissian C., Stockhammer, Philipp W., Avila-Arcos, Maria C., Fu, Qiaomei, Krause, Johannes, Willerslev, Eske, Stone, Anne C., Warinner, Christina
Publicada:
1 ene 2021
Resumen:
Although the first ancient DNA molecules were extracted more than three decades ago, the first ancient nuclear genomes could only be characterized after high-throughput sequencing was invented. Genome-scale data have now been gathered from thousands of ancient archaeological specimens, and the number of ancient biological tissues amenable to genome sequencing is growing steadily. Ancient DNA fragments are typically ultrashort molecules and carry extensive amounts of chemical damage accumulated after death. Their extraction, manipulation and authentication require specific experimental wet-laboratory and dry-laboratory procedures before patterns of genetic variation from past individuals, populations and species can be interpreted. Ancient DNA data help to address an entire array of questions in anthropology, evolutionary biology and the environmental and archaeological sciences. The data have revealed a considerably more dynamic past than previously appreciated and have revolutionized our understanding of many major prehistoric and historic events. This Primer provides an overview of concepts and state-of-the-art methods underlying ancient DNA analysis and illustrates the diversity of resulting applications. The article also addresses some of the ethical challenges associated with the destructive analysis of irreplaceable material, emphasizes the need to fully involve archaeologists and stakeholders as part of the research design and analytical process, and discusses future perspectives. © 2021, Springer Nature Limited.
Filiaciones:
Orlando, Ludovic:
Centre d’Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Toulouse, France
Allaby, Robin:
School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
Skoglund, Pontus:
Ancient Genomics Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
Der Sarkissian C.:
Centre d’Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Toulouse, France
Stockhammer, Philipp W.:
Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
Avila-Arcos, Maria C.:
International Laboratory for Human Genome Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Queretaro, Mexico
Fu, Qiaomei:
Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Krause, Johannes:
Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
Willerslev, Eske:
Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Center, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Welcome Trust, Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
The Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Stone, Anne C.:
School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
Warinner, Christina:
Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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