Risks and opportunities associated with pollinators' conservation and management of pollination services in Latin America
Por:
Galetto L., Aizen M.A., Arizmendi M.D.C., Freitas B.M., Garibaldi L.A., Giannini T.C., Lopes A.V., Santo M.M.D.E., Maués M.M., Nates-Parra G., Rodríguez J.I., Quezada-Euán J.J.G., Vandame R., Viana B.F., Imperatriz-Fonseca V.L.
Publicada:
1 ene 2022
Resumen:
The conservation status of pollinators and pollination in Latin America (LA) is reviewed. The knowledge regarding native and managed pollinators (e.g., honeybee and stingless bees) and pollination services was synthetized, and the guidelines to improve the opportunities for conservation are provided, considering the threats to pollinators and the perspectives from traditional and local knowledge. The analysis indicates that diverse threats (e.g., large-scale agriculture, deforestation, overuse of agrochemicals) are linked with pollination and pollinator decline, which affect the reproduction of most native plants and the yields of many crops. LA harbours the highest bee diversity worldwide, with 26% of the total recorded species, and it is a biodiversity hotspot of vertebrate pollinators, including hummingbirds, perching birds, nectarivorous bats and other mammal pollinators. Specific recommendations to conserve native pollinators and to improve pollination services are provided, which could be considered by stakeholders and governments aiming to elaborate biocultural conservation. For example, introducing policies and legal responses for incentives to help farmers maintain natural habitats and forests, to replace or reduce agrochemicals and to improve diversified crop production with agroecological practices; refining agrochemical regulations to minimize the exposure of pollinators to insecticides and herbicides; improving knowledge and education on pollinators and pollination gives societies worldwide the opportunity to change current hegemonic agricultural practices and consumption patterns; integrating different land ethical views of ethnic minorities on a sustainable relationship between production and biodiversity. A wider view combining social, ecological, cultural dimensions may support better decision making. This holistic socio-agroecological perspective is urgently needed to conserve and manage pollinators at different spatial and temporal scales, and to integrate pollination services, pollinator-friendly habitat management approaches and diversified farming systems. © 2022, Asociacion Argentina de Ecologia. All rights reserved.
Filiaciones:
Galetto L.:
Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología, FCEF y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMBIV), Córdoba, Argentina
Aizen M.A.:
Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET, Río Negro, Argentina
Arizmendi M.D.C.:
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, México, Mexico
Freitas B.M.:
Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Zootecnia, Setor de Abelhas, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
Garibaldi L.A.:
Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, Río Negro, Argentina
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, and Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, Río Negro, Argentina
Giannini T.C.:
Instituto Tecnológico Vale Desenvolvimento Sustentavel, Belem, Para, Brazil
Lopes A.V.:
Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
Santo M.M.D.E.:
Departamento de Biologia Geral/CCBS Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
Maués M.M.:
Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, Laboratório de Entomologia, Pará, Belém, Brazil
Nates-Parra G.:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia, DC, Bogotá, Colombia
Rodríguez J.I.:
Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Bolivia, La Paz, Bolivia
Quezada-Euán J.J.G.:
Departamento de Apicultura Tropical-FMVZ-Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
Vandame R.:
El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San Cristobal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico
Viana B.F.:
Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
Imperatriz-Fonseca V.L.:
Instituto Tecnológico Vale Desenvolvimento Sustentavel, Belem, Para, Brazil
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