Xenobiotic transport and metabolism in the human brain


Por: Silva-Adaya, Daniela, Garza-Lomb, Carla, Gonsebatt, Maria E.

Publicada: 1 sep 2021
Resumen:
Organisms have metabolic pathways responsible for eliminating endogenous and exogenous toxicants. Generally, we associate the liver par excellence as the organ in charge of detoxifying the body; however, this process occurs in all tissues, including the brain. Due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), the Central Nervous System (CNS) is considered a partially isolated organ, but similar to other organs, the CNS possess xenobiotic transporters and metabolic pathways associated with the elimination of xenobiotic agents. In this review, we describe the different systems related to the detoxification of xenobiotics in the CNS, providing examples in which their association with neurodegenerative processes is suspected. The CNS detoxifying systems include carrier-mediated, active efflux and receptor mediated transport, and detoxifying systems that include phase I and phase II enzymes, as well as those enzymes in charge of neutralizing compounds such as electrophilic agents, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and free radicals, which are products of the bioactivation of xenobiotics. Moreover, we discuss the differential expression of these systems in different regions of the CNS, showing the different detoxifying needs and the composition of each region in terms of the cell type, neurotransmitter content, and the accumulation of xenobiotics and/or reactive compounds.

Filiaciones:
Silva-Adaya, Daniela:
 Gonsebatt, ME (Corresponding Author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Biomed, Dept Med Genom & Toxicol Ambiental, Apartado Postal 70-228,Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Silva-Adaya, Daniela

Garza-Lomb, Carla:
 Gonsebatt, ME (Corresponding Author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Biomed, Dept Med Genom & Toxicol Ambiental, Apartado Postal 70-228,Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Silva-Adaya, Daniela
ISSN: 0161813X
Editorial
Elsevier, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, Países Bajos
Tipo de documento: Article
Volumen: 86 Número:
Páginas: 125-138
WOS Id: 000696979300005
ID de PubMed: 34371026