Xenobiotic transport and metabolism in the human brain
Por:
Silva-Adaya, Daniela, Garza-Lomb, Carla, Gonsebatt, Maria E.
Publicada:
1 sep 2021
Resumen:
Organisms have metabolic pathways responsible for eliminating endogenous
and exogenous toxicants. Generally, we associate the liver par
excellence as the organ in charge of detoxifying the body; however, this
process occurs in all tissues, including the brain. Due to the presence
of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood cerebrospinal fluid
barrier (BCSFB), the Central Nervous System (CNS) is considered a
partially isolated organ, but similar to other organs, the CNS possess
xenobiotic transporters and metabolic pathways associated with the
elimination of xenobiotic agents. In this review, we describe the
different systems related to the detoxification of xenobiotics in the
CNS, providing examples in which their association with
neurodegenerative processes is suspected. The CNS detoxifying systems
include carrier-mediated, active efflux and receptor mediated transport,
and detoxifying systems that include phase I and phase II enzymes, as
well as those enzymes in charge of neutralizing compounds such as
electrophilic agents, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and free radicals,
which are products of the bioactivation of xenobiotics. Moreover, we
discuss the differential expression of these systems in different
regions of the CNS, showing the different detoxifying needs and the
composition of each region in terms of the cell type, neurotransmitter
content, and the accumulation of xenobiotics and/or reactive compounds.
Filiaciones:
Silva-Adaya, Daniela:
Gonsebatt, ME (Corresponding Author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Biomed, Dept Med Genom & Toxicol Ambiental, Apartado Postal 70-228,Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Silva-Adaya, Daniela
Garza-Lomb, Carla:
Gonsebatt, ME (Corresponding Author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Biomed, Dept Med Genom & Toxicol Ambiental, Apartado Postal 70-228,Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Silva-Adaya, Daniela
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