Signaling Pathways Involved in Nutrient Sensing Control in Cancer Stem Cells: An Overview
Por:
Robles-Flores, Martha, Moreno-Londono, Angela P., Castañeda-Patlán M.C.
Publicada:
22 mar 2021
Categoría:
Endocrinology, diabetes and metabolism
Resumen:
Cancer cells characteristically have a high proliferation rate. Because
tumor growth depends on energy-consuming anabolic processes, including
biosynthesis of protein, lipid, and nucleotides, many tumor-associated
conditions, including intermittent oxygen deficiency due to insufficient
vascularization, oxidative stress, and nutrient deprivation, results
from fast growth. To cope with these environmental stressors, cancer
cells, including cancer stem cells, must adapt their metabolism to
maintain cellular homeostasis. It is well- known that cancer stem cells
(CSC) reprogram their metabolism to adapt to live in hypoxic niches.
They usually change from oxidative phosphorylation to increased aerobic
glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen. However, as opposed to most
differentiated cancer cells relying on glycolysis, CSCs can be highly
glycolytic or oxidative phosphorylation-dependent, displaying high
metabolic plasticity. Although the influence of the metabolic and
nutrient-sensing pathways on the maintenance of stemness has been
recognized, the molecular mechanisms that link these pathways to
stemness are not well known. Here in this review, we describe the most
relevant signaling pathways involved in nutrient sensing and cancer cell
survival. Among them, Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein
kinase (AMPK) pathway, mTOR pathway, and Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway
(HBP) are critical sensors of cellular energy and nutrient status in
cancer cells and interact in complex and dynamic ways.
Filiaciones:
Robles-Flores, Martha:
Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
Moreno-Londono, Angela P.:
Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
Castañeda-Patlán M.C.:
Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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