Understanding the opposite effects of sex hormones in mediating renal injury
Por:
Lima-Posada, Ixchel, Bobadilla, Norma A.
Publicada:
1 mar 2021
Resumen:
According to epidemiological studies, chronic kidney disease (CKD)
affects more women than men, but the incidence of end-stage renal
disease is higher in men than in women. However, most of these studies
have not considered the incidence of CKD in women of reproductive or
post-menopausal age, and even fewer with hormone replacement therapy.
Some meta-analyses have reported an exacerbated progression of CKD in
men compared with women. Consequently, in most of the experimental
models of renal injury, men of reproductive age exhibit more
abnormalities in renal function and structure that lead to greater
progression to CKD than women, which suggests that these differences are
mediated by sex hormones rather than by other factors. This review
intends to show the mechanisms regulated by oestrogen or testosterone
that may explain the different risks and evolution of renal diseases
between men and women. Regardless of the initial cause of kidney
disease, sex hormones have been implicated in modulating vascular tone,
oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Finally, our previous
study highlights the mechanisms by which the transition from acute
kidney injury to CKD does not occur in female rats as commonly as it
does in male rats. This review not only identifies sex differences in
several kidney diseases but also supports potential therapeutic
opportunities to reduce or prevent the progression of CKD and highlights
the importance of considering sex differences in the design of any
clinical study.
Filiaciones:
Lima-Posada, Ixchel:
Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
Bobadilla, Norma A.:
Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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