Self-Organization and Artificial Life
Por:
Gershenson, Carlos, Trianni, Vito, Werfel, Justin, Sayama, Hiroki
Publicada:
1 sep 2020
Resumen:
Self-organization can be broadly defined as the ability of a system to
display ordered spatiotemporal patterns solely as the result of the
interactions among the system components. Processes of this kind
characterize both living and artificial systems, making
self-organization a concept that is at the basis of several disciplines,
from physics to biology and engineering. Placed at the frontiers between
disciplines, artificial life (ALife) has heavily borrowed concepts and
tools from the study of self-organization, providing mechanistic
interpretations of lifelike phenomena as well as useful constructivist
approaches to artificial system design. Despite its broad usage within
ALife, the concept of self-organization has been often excessively
stretched or misinterpreted, calling for a clarification that could help
with tracing the borders between what can and cannot be considered
self-organization. In this review, we discuss the fundamental aspects of
self-organization and list the main usages within three primary ALife
domains, namely ``soft'' (mathematical/computational modeling),
``hard'' (physical robots), and ``wet'' (chemical/biological
systems) ALife. We also provide a classification to locate this
research. Finally, we discuss the usefulness of self-organization and
related concepts within ALife studies, point to perspectives and
challenges for future research, and list open questions. We hope that
this work will motivate discussions related to self-organization in
ALife and related fields.
Filiaciones:
Gershenson, Carlos:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Matemat Aplicadas & Sistemas, Ctr Ciencias Complejidad, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Trianni, Vito:
Italian Natl Res Council, Inst Cognit Sci & Technol, Rome, Italy
Werfel, Justin:
Harvard Univ, Wyss Inst Biologically Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Sayama, Hiroki:
SUNY Binghamton, Ctr Collect Dynam Complex Syst, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA
Waseda Univ, Waseda Innovat Lab, Tokyo, Japan
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